And Then There Were None :: And Then There Were None

And afterward There Were None   I as of late read a secret book by the name of And afterward There Were None by Agatha Christie. I read this book since I have perused different books by Agatha Christie that were genuinely composed.           Ten individuals are welcome to an island, called Indian Island, by letters that were marked by individuals they had met previously. At the point when they got to the island, they discovered that their host, U.N.Owen, had not shown up yet. At supper, they heard a voice, blaming each for them of a homicide, which they were all liable of. After one of them is murdered, agreeing to the main section of a sonnet that is encircled over each of their beds called Ten Little Indians, they make sense of that the killer is one of them! As more individuals are slaughtered off, individually, the gathering limits the presume list down, until just one is left alive however she calculated that she could never get off the islan in any case, and she hung herself from the roof by putting a noose  around her neck and kicking the seat away on which she was standing, yet she was not the executioner.           One of the riddles to this book was, obviously, who murdered the entirety of the honest individuals. Another puzzle was that each time someone else was killed somewhat indian figure would vanish from the edges of a serving plate. One more riddle was that each murder followed, all together, the well known sonnet Ten Little Indians, which peruses:   Ten minimal Indian young men went out to feast; One chocked his self and afterward there were nine. Nine Indian young men sat up late; One slept late himself then there were eight. Eight Indian young men going in Devon; One said he'd remain there then there were seven. Seven Indian young men cleaving up sticks; One cleaved himself in equal parts then there were six. Six Indian young men playing with a hive; A honey bee stung one then there were five. Five Indian young men going in for law; One got in Chancery then there were four. Four Indian young men venturing out onto the ocean; A distraction gulped one then there were three. Three Indian young men strolling in the zoo;

Symbolism in Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown Essay Example

Imagery in Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown Paper Imagery assumes a significant job in the message that Nathaniel Hawthorne intends to pass on in his story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Hawthorne utilized emblematic circumstances which speaks to a degenerate and veiled society that is as yet material in right now. In this story, Hawthorne portrays an apparently illusory encounter of Goodman Brown amidst a malevolent custom in the forested areas where he and his significant other endeavored to take an interest in. Brief Summary of Young Goodman Brown Young Goodman Brown is an as of late wedded man who heads out to have a great time in the wake of saying farewell to his dear spouse, Faith. He makes a decent attempt to drive away his blame of seeking after a detestable arrangement while he leaves her that night by promising to make it up to her sometime in the not so distant future. As he experiences the dim timberland thinking about whether the fallen angel is simply near, he gets reluctant in encouraging his arrangement on joining some secretive individuals in an underhanded custom some place somewhere down in the woodland. After clarifying why he was late to a modestly dressed man since his better half held him back, they are joined by another explorer whose age he figure to be around fifty. He sees the astounding snake like staff of the main man who tended to him. After gathering the others who might go along with them, he is amazed to discover that the greater part of the upstanding and blessed individuals in his neighborhood are available; the lady who showed him instruction, the pastor, Deacon Gookin, and the most astonishing of allâ€his spouse! He discovers that Faith is the motivation behind why the custom is started. He understands that he had lost his Faith so he settle in seeking after his unique arrangement and be changed over to fiendish like the remainder of them. We will compose a custom exposition test on Symbolism in Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Symbolism in Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Symbolism in Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Notwithstanding, as Goodman Brown and Faith approach the raised area to be blessed by the shrewd blood, Goodman Brown requests Faith to admire paradise and oppose the shrewdness. When the words leaves his mouth, he gets himself alone in the forested areas thinking about whether he had simply imagined the custom. He returns to his neighborhood a changed man. He gets incredulous and far fetched of his better half and neighbors even to the day he kicked the bucket. Imageries The story itself is the whole portrayal of a double-dealing society. It is as of now an imagery that further stresses the false reverence of Puritanism. Obviously Hawthorne plans to reprimand puritan culture most particularly the hour of the Salem Witch Trials where just about twenty affirmed witches were hanged with ghostly proof as the main evidence. Like Goodman Brown, Hawthorne is accepted to have likewise questioned the idea of wrongdoing in the general public. Most likely, it is his approach to drive away the blame when he discovered that he is a relative of one of the significant persecutors in the witch preliminaries. The story additionally contains some true to life components where the villain reminds him, â€Å"I helped your granddad, the constable, when he lashed the Quaker lady so intelligently through the lanes of Salem† (Hawthorne 113). The story is by all accounts a full portrayal of the author’s see about a severe puritan culture. Additionally, the setting of the story is likewise very representative as the underlying piece of the story portrays Goodman Brown entering a dim backwoods where the witches assemble at Sabbath. Hawthorne’s portrayal of the dull and miserable woodland demonstrates that a dim basic defining moment in his life is going to occur. â€Å"The haziness isn't just physical, it is satanic† (Crowley 68). The story likewise represents man’s battle to stay away from enticement by the fiend. By the utilization of phantom proof, Hawthorne can brood the possibility that the demon could be prowling in the shadows even of the best men (Reis 200). At the point when Goodman Brown discovers that the most strict individuals in his neighborhood are really individuals from the custom in the backwoods, he understands how malevolence can come in numerous beguiling structures. This acknowledgment drives him to his wretchedness as a result of his powerlessness to recognize if his experience is simply a fantasy or an unpleasant reality. Goodman Brown can be viewed as a genuine decent man before the experience in the forested areas. He is viewed as acceptable to his significant other and he cherishes her beyond a reasonable doubt. He even alludes to her as, â€Å"My love and my Faith† (Hawthorne 111) and falters to go on further with the gathering, â€Å"What a scalawag am I to leave her on such a task! She discusses dreams, as well. Methought as she talked there was inconvenience in her face, as though a fantasy had cautioned her what work is to be done today around evening time. . . † (Hawthorne 111). Notwithstanding, the integrity and naivete inside him is adjusted when he finds decent and apparently sacred individuals are a piece of the insidious custom. This shows Hawthorne’s demeanor towards exceptionally strict individuals, for example, the early Puritans. It implies that not every single strict individuals are blessed, and here and there, they are simply presenting false reverence to make up for themselves. Indeed, even the name of his better half, Faith, represents the things that he had lost upon full acknowledgment of shrewdness in his neighborhood. He loses his significant other, Faith, when he sees her in the forested areas and he likewise loses his otherworldly confidence towards goodness. â€Å"The story isn't about the fiendishness of others yet about Browns question, his recuperation of the chance of widespread evil† (Levin 121). End Young Goodman Brown may most likely simply go as a short standard story that includes heavenly experiences. While the facts demonstrate that is simply anecdotal and not to be paid attention to as a general rule, it comprises of imageries which are essential to consider. It comprises of political and strict imageries which are by implication advised by the writer to permit the perusers to shape their own translation without anyone else. Clearly, the story incorporate increasingly noteworthy and top to bottom issues in life than what is at first passed on to be unreasonable and shallow. Works Cited Crowley, Joseph Donald. Nathaniel Hawthorne. London: Taylor Francis, 1971. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown. † Young Goodman Brown and Other Tales. Ed. Brian Harding. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. 111â€123. Levin, David. â€Å"Shadows of Doubt: Specter Evidence in Hawthornes ‘Young Goodman Brown’. † On Hawthorne: The Best from American Literature. Eds. Edwin Harrison Cady and Louis J. Budd. US of America: Duke University Press, 1990. 114-122. Reis, Elizabeth. Doomed Women: Sinners and Witches in Puritan New England. New York: Cornell University Press, 1997.

Time Tracking Matters Integrate MeisterTask and TimeCamp via Zapier! - Focus

Time Tracking Matters Integrate MeisterTask and TimeCamp via Zapier! - Focus Whether you’re about to begin a significant freelance task, or planning the logistics of a house move, being both well organized and able to intelligently manage your time is essential. When it comes to task management, this is where time tracking can help. 5 Reasons To Track Your Time While most people are well aware of the benefits of using a good task management system to stay organized, many have never thought of using a time tracking tool to manage their time. You may think that tracking the time you spend on tasks is just going to mean more work for you, but the insights you stand to gain by using an accurate time-tracking tool are huge. If you’re still unsure, take a look at the following list, where we’ve compiled the top 5 reasons why you should definitely give time-tracking tools a try: 1. Remember: you only have 24 hours in a day You simply do not have that 25th hour in the day to finish your deadline, go to the gym, or spend time with family and friends. Your capacity is limited, so tracking time will help to ensure that you’re not dedicating a disproportionate amount of time to menial tasks, and remain able to schedule in adequate time for your priorities, like your physical and emotional wellbeing, relationships, and career or business direction. 2. Payments are important Especially when it comes to project work, it’s absolutely essential that you’re able to accurately charge, and pay, the client or team involved. When you’re able to switch on a stop-watch to track the time spent on project work, this process becomes far simpler, as you’re able to know how long each employee has worked and subsequently determine the appropriate payment. Similarly, if you work as a freelancer, tracking the time spent on a piece of work enables you to bill your clients accurately, and have the time-record, if necessary, to prove it. 3. Prevent procrastination Even with a deadline looming, many of us have found ourselves drawn towards reading the news or taking a ‘quick look’ at Facebook. Having a stop-watch running will help to prevent this urge, providing an omnipresent reminder of what you really need to be focusing on. When you know how much time you have left you’ll be able to plan how to best utilize that time, blocking out irrelevant distractions and cracking on with the project in hand. 4. Avoid burn out Time tracking will help you to determine how long each task will reasonably take, allowing you to accurately schedule your time in the future. Were your past deadlines reasonable or unrealistically tight? Considering that good emotional wellbeing is a huge determinant for productivity, use a time tracking tool to learn from previously stressful projects. You can then ensure you allocate enough time for your next deadline, enabling you to complete work ahead of schedule and prevent emotional burn out. 5. Know when to hire Are your employees complaining about being overwhelmed by their workload? With time tracking, your team are able to prove this to you. Taking a quick look at the individually generated time reports allows managers and CEOs to recognize when their staff are overworked, preventing important team members from resigning, and providing a justified case for when to hire more support. Getting Started with Time Tracking Time tracking tools are springing up all over the SaaS market, and a quick Google search will provide you with more results than you probably have time to assess. To make things a little easier for you, we’re introducing you to one tool we know from experience works well: TimeCamp. We like our time tracking tools packed with features which are useful when running a business or working as a freelancer. TimeCamp enables users to track their own time, view their overall team performance and pay or bill colleagues or customers accurately with budgeting and invoicing features. Thanks to Zapier, an online tool which allows you to create automated actions between different online apps and services, you can now integrate TimeCamp with MeisterTask with just a few clicks. You can set up Zaps to automatically create time entries in TimeCamp when a new task is created, create TimeCamp projects from MeisterTask projects, and more. Head on over to our Zapbook to see all available actions and triggers for MeisterTask and TimeCamp, or use the zap below, to set up your first Zap right away! PS: Don’t like using multiple tools? No problem, MeisterTask also offers built-in time tracking for all account types. Track Time in MeisterTask Get Started Its free! Get Started Time Tracking Matters Integrate MeisterTask and TimeCamp via Zapier! - Focus Whether you’re about to begin a significant freelance task, or planning the logistics of a house move, being both well organized and able to intelligently manage your time is essential. When it comes to task management, this is where time tracking can help. 5 Reasons To Track Your Time While most people are well aware of the benefits of using a good task management system to stay organized, many have never thought of using a time tracking tool to manage their time. You may think that tracking the time you spend on tasks is just going to mean more work for you, but the insights you stand to gain by using an accurate time-tracking tool are huge. If you’re still unsure, take a look at the following list, where we’ve compiled the top 5 reasons why you should definitely give time-tracking tools a try: 1. Remember: you only have 24 hours in a day You simply do not have that 25th hour in the day to finish your deadline, go to the gym, or spend time with family and friends. Your capacity is limited, so tracking time will help to ensure that you’re not dedicating a disproportionate amount of time to menial tasks, and remain able to schedule in adequate time for your priorities, like your physical and emotional wellbeing, relationships, and career or business direction. 2. Payments are important Especially when it comes to project work, it’s absolutely essential that you’re able to accurately charge, and pay, the client or team involved. When you’re able to switch on a stop-watch to track the time spent on project work, this process becomes far simpler, as you’re able to know how long each employee has worked and subsequently determine the appropriate payment. Similarly, if you work as a freelancer, tracking the time spent on a piece of work enables you to bill your clients accurately, and have the time-record, if necessary, to prove it. 3. Prevent procrastination Even with a deadline looming, many of us have found ourselves drawn towards reading the news or taking a ‘quick look’ at Facebook. Having a stop-watch running will help to prevent this urge, providing an omnipresent reminder of what you really need to be focusing on. When you know how much time you have left you’ll be able to plan how to best utilize that time, blocking out irrelevant distractions and cracking on with the project in hand. 4. Avoid burn out Time tracking will help you to determine how long each task will reasonably take, allowing you to accurately schedule your time in the future. Were your past deadlines reasonable or unrealistically tight? Considering that good emotional wellbeing is a huge determinant for productivity, use a time tracking tool to learn from previously stressful projects. You can then ensure you allocate enough time for your next deadline, enabling you to complete work ahead of schedule and prevent emotional burn out. 5. Know when to hire Are your employees complaining about being overwhelmed by their workload? With time tracking, your team are able to prove this to you. Taking a quick look at the individually generated time reports allows managers and CEOs to recognize when their staff are overworked, preventing important team members from resigning, and providing a justified case for when to hire more support. Getting Started with Time Tracking Time tracking tools are springing up all over the SaaS market, and a quick Google search will provide you with more results than you probably have time to assess. To make things a little easier for you, we’re introducing you to one tool we know from experience works well: TimeCamp. We like our time tracking tools packed with features which are useful when running a business or working as a freelancer. TimeCamp enables users to track their own time, view their overall team performance and pay or bill colleagues or customers accurately with budgeting and invoicing features. Thanks to Zapier, an online tool which allows you to create automated actions between different online apps and services, you can now integrate TimeCamp with MeisterTask with just a few clicks. You can set up Zaps to automatically create time entries in TimeCamp when a new task is created, create TimeCamp projects from MeisterTask projects, and more. Head on over to our Zapbook to see all available actions and triggers for MeisterTask and TimeCamp, or use the zap below, to set up your first Zap right away! PS: Don’t like using multiple tools? No problem, MeisterTask also offers built-in time tracking for all account types. Track Time in MeisterTask Get Started Its free! Get Started

A report on Value Added Tax Essay - 1528 Words

A report on Value Added Tax Introduction Value Added Tax originated in France in 1954 and is under implementation in more than hundred countries. Value Added Tax is perceived by many as means to promote neutrality and uniformity of tax burden and to provide incentives for increased productivity and industrialization. The spread of VAT to the developed and the developing countries alike certainly, makes for an interesting study. Financial Times (London) too stressed the growing importance of VAT when it observed in its centennial review â€Å"The economic and technological changes of the second half of the century have made VAT the quintessential modern tax†. It will not be an exaggeration if one were to say that the emergence of†¦show more content†¦Under the VAT system, no exemptions will be given and a tax will be levied at each stage of manufacture of a product. At each stage of value-addition, credit can be claimed on tax paid on inputs. †¢ It does not distort the business decisions as it does away with cascading. Only market forces rather than tax structure will guide vertical integration decisions once VAT is implemented. †¢ VAT permits easy and effective targeting of tax rates as a result of which the exports can be zero-rated. †¢ The input tax credit method encourages a system that ensures better tax compliance by generating a trail of invoices that supports effective audit and enforcement strategies. †¢ As far as India is concerned, VAT, if enforced properly could help in fiscal consolidation for the country. As a steady source of revenue, it could be used for reducing the debt burden in due course. †¢ Further, any globally accepted tax administrative system like VAT will help India integrate better in the WTO regime. How VAT works? Under the existing system, there is a tax levied at each stage of production which results in a ‘tax on tax’ or the cascading effect. Producers try to overcome this tax by vertically integrating their production process, which affects production decisions. VAT is implemented through a system of tax credits. When the purchaser purchases the goods, he’ll have an invoice whichShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Tax Structure Of The United Arab Emirates945 Words   |  4 PagesCurrently, the United Arab Emirates does not have a federal corporate income tax (CIT) regime; however, most of the Emirates introduced income tax decrees in the late 1960s, and taxation is therefore determined on an Emirate-by-Emirate basis. Under the Emirate-based tax decrees, CIT may be imposed on all companies (including branches and permanent establishments [PEs]) at rates of up to 55%. 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The purposeRead MoreWhat Is The Introduction Of Gst1226 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction India as world’s one the biggest democratic country follows the federal tax system for levy and collection of various taxes. Different types of indirect taxes are levied and collected at different point in the supply chain. The Centre and the states are empowered to levy respective taxes as per the constitution of India. The Value Added Tax (VAT) when introduced was considered. In 2000, the Vajpayee Government started discussion on GST by setting up an empowered committee. The committeeRead MoreEssay Business Analysis: Bargain Basement Books1555 Words   |  7 PagesTokyo, Japan; or Helsinki, Finland. Statement of Purpose The purpose of this report is to analyze and evaluate the pros and cons of expanding in each of the locations chosen by the Expansion Committee. 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Reversing Entry that results in future taxable amounts and, therefore will usually give rise to a future income tax liability. iii. A permanent Difference b) Indicate if the amounts that are involved in the current year will be added to or deducted from accounting income to arrive at taxable income. 1. Financial reporting purposes: straight line depreciation method is used for plant assets that have a useful life of 10 years; for Tax Purposes: CCARead MoreA Career Process : Preparing For Career Success765 Words   |  4 Pagesstart collecting a value added tax at 5% in the beginning of 2018. Which can be a strong tool to help achieving the goals of the social progress and the economic development. Individual Taxation Personal income tax is a direct tax paid from the personal income for an individual or a person. Person could be an individual or an ordinary partnership which is liable to compute his tax liability and filing tax return and paying the tax. 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Definition and Examples of West African Pidgin English

The term West African Pidgin English refers to a continuum of English-based pidgins and creoles spoken along the west coast of Africa, particularly in Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Also known as  Guinea Coast Creole English. Used by upwards of 30 million people, West African Pidgin English (WAPE) serves primarily as an interethnic lingua franca. Examples and Observations WAPE is spoken in a geographical continuum from Gambia to Cameroon (including enclaves in French- and Portuguese-speaking countries) and in a vertical continuum with WAE [West African English] at the top. Among the local varieties are Aku in Gambia, Krio in Sierra Leone, Settler English and Pidgin English in Liberia, Pidgin (English) in Ghana and Nigeria, and Pidgin (English) or Kamtok in Cameroon. It originates in 16th-century contacts between West Africans and English sailors and traders, and is therefore as old as so-called Modern English. Some WAPE speakers, especially in cities, do not speak any traditional African language: it is their sole means of expression.Because many of its features are close to those of Creole in the Americas, some researchers have proposed a family of Atlantic creoles that includes Pidgin in West Africa, Gullah in the U.S., and the various patois of the Caribbean. However, like them, and despite its usefulness, vigor, and wide distribution, Pidgin tends to be regarded as debased English.  (Tom McArthur, The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford University Press, 2002) WAPE and Gullah The city that had become the center of the slave trade [in the 18th century] was Charleston, South Carolina. Many slaves first arrived here and then they were transported inland to the plantations. However, some of the slaves stayed in the Charleston area, on what is called the Sea Islands. The Creole language of the large black population in the region is called Gullah, spoken by about a quarter of a million people. It is a language that is probably most similar of all varieties of Black American English to the original creole English that was used in the New World and the West African Pidgin English of the earliest slaves. These slaves, who spoke different African languages . . ., invented a form of English, West African Pidgin English, which incorporated many features from West African languages. Gullah could survive because it was relatively self-contained and isolated from the rest of the world.  (Zoltà ¡n Kà ¶vecses, American English: An Introduction. Broadview, 2000) WAPE in Chinua Achebes Man of the People â€Å"Me? Put poison for master? Nevertheless!† said the cook, side-stepping to avoid a heavy blow from the Minister. . . . Why I go kill my master? . . . Abi my head no correct? And even if to say I de craze why I no go go jump for inside lagoon instead to kill my master? (a servant, in [Chinua] Achebes A Man of the People, p. 39) West African Pidgin English (PE) as exemplified in the [passage] quoted is spoken primarily along the West African coast between Sierra Leone and Cameroon. . . . The type of Pidgin found in literary works by Achebe, [Cyprian] Ekwensi, [Wole] Soyinka, and some other African writers is not the same as that often referred to as trade jargon, makeshift language, or a language devoid of morphological characteristics. PE plays a very important role in West Africa--especially in areas where there is no other common language.  (Tony Obilade, The Stylistic Function of Pidgin English in African Literature: Achebe and Soyinka. Research on Wole Soyinka, ed. by James Gibbs and Bernth Lindfors. Africa World Press, 1993) Characteristics of Tense and Aspect in WAPE Tense and aspect [in West African Pidgin English] are noninflectional: bin denotes simple past or past perfect (Meri bin lef Mary left, Mary had left), de/di the progressive (Meri de it Mary is eating, Mary was eating), and don the perfective (Meri don it Mary has eaten, Mary had eaten). Depending on context, Meri it means Mary ate or Mary has eaten and Meri laik Ed means Mary likes Ed or Mary liked Ed.  (Tom McArthur, Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 2005) Prepositions in WAPE Like many other pidgins, WAPE has few prepositions. The preposition for is an all-purpose locative preposition, translatable as in, at, on, to etc.  (Mark Sebba, Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles. Palgrave Macmillan, 1997)

Migration flows are increasingly differentiated. Free Essays

Introduction This paper will demonstrate the effects different migration flows have upon the regulation and management of global migrations. This will be done by reviewing asylum flows and considering whether effective controls are in place for dealing with this type of migrant. Consideration will also be made as to how this complicates our analysis of global migrations and their regulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Migration flows are increasingly differentiated. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Migration Flows States have the authority to regulate the movement of foreign nationals across their borders and consequently have the power to decide what persons can be admitted and for what length of time. Nevertheless, in order to regulate migration flows effectively, greater concern needs to be placed upon the dynamics that drive, facilitate and inhabit migration (Compas, 2013, p. 1). It is arguable whether this is easily attainable given that â€Å"international migration is incredibly diverse, fluid and fast changing† (Boswell and Geddes, 2010, p. 3). Various laws and regulations have been enacted, which are primarily intended to govern entry into and exit from the territories of states, yet some are more restrictive than others (Guild and Minderhoud, 2011, p. 166). The fact that states have the ability to refuse entry to persons from different jurisdictions is said to allow states to maintain their sovereignty. This was recognised by Adelman (1998, p. 19) when it was pointed out that: â€Å"even if a state has absolute sovereign authority to control the entry of refugee claimants, they must preserve international order which is in everyone’s self interests.† Yet, it is important that those fleeing from persecution are provided with adequate protection from the State in which they enter. Therefore, although states generally have the ability to control migration flows, they may also have to adhere to their international obligations (Human Rights Education Association, 2011, p. 2). This often produces problems since it is not always easy to establish whether a person has fled from persecution or left voluntarily. These uncertainties produce much difficulty and although states must protect the human rights of migrants (The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), it is evident that the protection of migrants is currently inadequate (Amnesty International, 2009, p. 1). Asylum Flows Migrants are not receiving the support they need from states and national laws and procedures currently act as a barrier to the rights of migrants. This is largely due to the different migration flows that exist and the inability to address mixed migration flows effectively (Betts and Loescher, 2010, p. 320). The treatment of those claiming asylum in the UK provides a clear example of the difficulties that arise when it comes to analysing and regulating global migration. Thus, refugees often use the same routes and means of transportation when entering states as other migrants and because of this, it is extremely difficult to distinguish between them (Gibney, 2004, p. 12). As a result, â€Å"refugee was a term increasingly associated with dishonesty in the notion of ‘bogus’ asylum seekers† (Ryan and Webster, 2008, p. 3). This has an overall impact upon the proper regulation of migration, which is evident in the UK where asylum seekers are required to attain citize nship. Hence, a British Territories Overseas Citizenship or British Overseas Citizenship must be established, yet as contended by Bussutil (1990, p. 286): â€Å"claims cannot be decided with any ease, and great difficulties may be experienced.† This occurs in relation to the ‘qualifying period’ of five years and the additional ‘probationary citizenship’ period that is required prior to qualification for naturalisation. Although this accurately reflects the contemporary relationship between those people subjected to legal regulation and the state, it is questionable whether this relationship is appropriate in modern day society where states are callable of realising their international obligations. Global Migration and Regulation It is extremely difficult to ensure the proper regulation of global migration, yet â€Å"the Government started to respond to the increase in asylum applications in the 1980’s† (Sales, 2007, p. 1953). Nation States have since made great attempts to regulation immigration to their countries through â€Å"imposition of employer sanctions, phasing in and out of temporary foreign worker admission policies, legislations, measures against human trafficking, and measures concerning refugees and asylum seekers† (Castles and Miller, 2009, p. 205). The Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2009 seeks to ensure that the UK is fully implementing its international obligations, but given that the five year requirement can be waived by the Secretary of State is required, it is evident that each case can be decided on its own facts. Regardless, constraints and limits are still being placed upon liberal government in relation to those claiming asylum in the UK and as noted by A delman (1998, p. 19): â€Å"even if a state has absolute sovereign authority to control the entry of refugee claimants, they must preserve international order which is in everyone’s self interests.† He also added that: â€Å"a liberal state does not, however, have absolute sovereign authority, not only with respect to its own members, particularly in areas such as providing aid to refugees, but also with respect to stateless individuals or individuals who come from states which have failed to provide protection.† Arguably, it is evident that although the UK is capable of regulating domestic obligations in respect of asylum seekers, international order must still be preserved. It is questionable whether such international obligations are currently being preserved given that asylum seekers are restricted by domestic legislation. It is argued by Ellermann (2009, p. 2) that: â€Å"illegal immigrants often succeeded in preventing the state from exercising its sovere ign powers† since those who have no claims against the state are most likely to be able to frustrate state control. Arguably, state sovereignty is often undermined by international obligations as states are required to allow immigrants to cross their borders if it is considered to be in their interests. Balance? The new Points Based System (PBS) in the UK was introduced in order to regulate and control the existing mixed migration flows. Previously, citizens could apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain in the UK after spending five years living there, yet it is now a requirement under the Act that five years residence will only lead to â€Å"probationary citizenship† which would be capable of leading to full citizenship once a number of â€Å"points† have been earned. This new system is beneficial for the economy as it prevents migrants from becoming dependent on the State and enables a distinction to be made between the different types of migrants. As Woolas (2010, p. 1) believes: â€Å"Migration only works if it brings benefits and these measures will ensure that only those migrants that make a positive impact on their local community will be able to stay in the UK.† The Act will consequently prevent those migrants who are not beneficial to the UK’s economy from a cquiring citizenship since â€Å"unlimited migration places unacceptable pressure on public services, school places, and the provision of housing, causing problems for certain local communities† (Home Office: 2010). Too much restriction should not be placed upon the flow of migrants, however since â€Å"migrant workers in recent years have provided a significant boost to UK economic growth† (Balakrishnan, 2006, p. 2). Essentially, it is thereby important that a balance is struck between giving migrant workers the ability to acquire citizenship and preventing those that seek to rely on the State from being admitted unless they are genuinely fleeing from persecution. In Omojudi v United Kingdom Application No. 1820/08, 24 November, 2009 it was held by the court that a violation of the rights of immigrants under international law can only be justified if the aims being pursued are proportionate in view of the breach that has occurred. A justification will, as put by Stone (2010; p. 352); â€Å"require that the differential treatment has a legitimate aim and that there is a reasonable relationship of proportionality between the means employed and the aim pursued.† Therefore, unless a State has a legitimate aim for refusing migrants citizenship, then this will not be justified. This certainly allows greater fairness to be ensued. In Cabales and Balkandali v United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 471 it was held that a refusal would need â€Å"very weighty reasons† before a violation of any rights under the European Convention of Human Rights 1951 could be justified. Difficulties still exist in relation to border control, nonetheless, and it see ms as though greater emphasis needs to be placed upon â€Å"exit checks and proper border controls† (Huhne: 2010, p. 2). The UK is the most vulnerable State that attracts migrants and because of this, it is even more important that the flow of mixed migrants is being controlled and managed effectively. It was stated by Shah (2002, p. 315) that: â€Å"the complexity of immigration control has therefore to keep pace with a highly mobile world where global communications at all levels and in all forms are easily exploited by criminal gangs and desperate individuals.† Conclusion Overall, it is often very difficult for states to properly regulate and manage migration flows because of the fact that they are increasingly differentiated. This is widely due to the problems that are caused by trying to distinguish between the different types of migrants. In addition, even when a distinction can be made, domestic legislation often conflicts with international obligations. As such, states are required to preserve international order in cases of confliction which often prevents them from implementing proper regulatory practices. In order to manage migration flows effectively, it is necessary for all states to co-operate and establish a common approach to migration management. This will ensure that that the rights of migrants are being protected, whilst also preserving national security. Hence, because of the problems that are caused by the lack of certainty surrounding refugee’s and asylum seekers, it is necessary for clearer guidance to be provided, which wil l enable a distinction to be made between the different types of migrants. This is necessary in certifying on the one hand that the rights of migrants are protected, and on the other than an overflow of migrants does not occur. References Adelman, H. (1998) Refuge or Asylum A Philosophical Perspective, Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 1, Number 1. Amnesty International., (2009) World Refugee Day: Lives in Danger as Governments Deny Refugees Protection in Europe, http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/world-refugee-day-lives-danger-governments-deny-refugees-protection-euro [Accessed 14 October 2013]. Balakrishnan, A., (2006). Immigrants Help the Economy Grow by 3%. The Guardian, [Accessed 13 October 2013]. Betts, A., and Loescher., (2011) Refugees in International Relations, Oxford University Press. Boswell, C., and Geddes, A., (2010) Migration and Mobility in the European Union, Palgrave Macmillan, 1st Edition. Busuttil, A. (1990) Immigration Problems and DNA Profiling, Journal of the Law Society of Scotland, (1990) 35 JLSS 286. Castles, S., and Miller, M. J., (2009) The Age of Migration, Fourth Edition: International Population Movements in the Modern World. Compas., (2013) Flows and Dynamics, [Accessed 23 November, 2013]. Ellermann, A. (2009) Undocumented Migrants and Resistance in the State of Exception, University of British Columbia, Available [Accessed 13 October 2013]. Gibney, M. J., (2004) The Ethics and Politics of Asylum: Liberal Democracy and the Response to Refugees, Cambridge University Press. Guild, E., and P., Minderhoud, (2011) The First Decade of EU Migration and Asylum Law, Martinus Nijhoff. Huhne, C., (2009). Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. Scottish Human Rights Law Group, [Accessed 15 October 2013]. Human Rights Education Association, Refugees and Displaced Persons, (1996-2011), [Accessed 15 October 2013]. Ryan, L., and Webster, W., (2008) Gendering Migration: Masculinity, Femininity and Ethnicity in Post-War Britain, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Sales, R., (2007) Understanding Immigration and Refugee Policy: Contradictions and Continuities, Policy Press, Political Science. Stone, R., (2010) Textbook on Civil Liberties, 8th edition, OUP Oxford. Woolas, P., (2010). Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. The Guardian, [Accessed 13 October 2013]. How to cite Migration flows are increasingly differentiated., Essay examples Migration flows are increasingly differentiated. Free Essays Introduction This paper will demonstrate the effects different migration flows have upon the regulation and management of global migrations. This will be done by reviewing asylum flows and considering whether effective controls are in place for dealing with this type of migrant. Consideration will also be made as to how this complicates our analysis of global migrations and their regulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Migration flows are increasingly differentiated. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Migration Flows States have the authority to regulate the movement of foreign nationals across their borders and consequently have the power to decide what persons can be admitted and for what length of time. Nevertheless, in order to regulate migration flows effectively, greater concern needs to be placed upon the dynamics that drive, facilitate and inhabit migration (Compas, 2013, p. 1). It is arguable whether this is easily attainable given that â€Å"international migration is incredibly diverse, fluid and fast changing† (Boswell and Geddes, 2010, p. 3). Various laws and regulations have been enacted, which are primarily intended to govern entry into and exit from the territories of states, yet some are more restrictive than others (Guild and Minderhoud, 2011, p. 166). The fact that states have the ability to refuse entry to persons from different jurisdictions is said to allow states to maintain their sovereignty. This was recognised by Adelman (1998, p. 19) when it was pointed out that: â€Å"even if a state has absolute sovereign authority to control the entry of refugee claimants, they must preserve international order which is in everyone’s self interests.† Yet, it is important that those fleeing from persecution are provided with adequate protection from the State in which they enter. Therefore, although states generally have the ability to control migration flows, they may also have to adhere to their international obligations (Human Rights Education Association, 2011, p. 2). This often produces problems since it is not always easy to establish whether a person has fled from persecution or left voluntarily. These uncertainties produce much difficulty and although states must protect the human rights of migrants (The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), it is evident that the protection of migrants is currently inadequate (Amnesty International, 2009, p. 1). Asylum Flows Migrants are not receiving the support they need from states and national laws and procedures currently act as a barrier to the rights of migrants. This is largely due to the different migration flows that exist and the inability to address mixed migration flows effectively (Betts and Loescher, 2010, p. 320). The treatment of those claiming asylum in the UK provides a clear example of the difficulties that arise when it comes to analysing and regulating global migration. Thus, refugees often use the same routes and means of transportation when entering states as other migrants and because of this, it is extremely difficult to distinguish between them (Gibney, 2004, p. 12). As a result, â€Å"refugee was a term increasingly associated with dishonesty in the notion of ‘bogus’ asylum seekers† (Ryan and Webster, 2008, p. 3). This has an overall impact upon the proper regulation of migration, which is evident in the UK where asylum seekers are required to attain citize nship. Hence, a British Territories Overseas Citizenship or British Overseas Citizenship must be established, yet as contended by Bussutil (1990, p. 286): â€Å"claims cannot be decided with any ease, and great difficulties may be experienced.† This occurs in relation to the ‘qualifying period’ of five years and the additional ‘probationary citizenship’ period that is required prior to qualification for naturalisation. Although this accurately reflects the contemporary relationship between those people subjected to legal regulation and the state, it is questionable whether this relationship is appropriate in modern day society where states are callable of realising their international obligations. Global Migration and Regulation It is extremely difficult to ensure the proper regulation of global migration, yet â€Å"the Government started to respond to the increase in asylum applications in the 1980’s† (Sales, 2007, p. 1953). Nation States have since made great attempts to regulation immigration to their countries through â€Å"imposition of employer sanctions, phasing in and out of temporary foreign worker admission policies, legislations, measures against human trafficking, and measures concerning refugees and asylum seekers† (Castles and Miller, 2009, p. 205). The Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2009 seeks to ensure that the UK is fully implementing its international obligations, but given that the five year requirement can be waived by the Secretary of State is required, it is evident that each case can be decided on its own facts. Regardless, constraints and limits are still being placed upon liberal government in relation to those claiming asylum in the UK and as noted by A delman (1998, p. 19): â€Å"even if a state has absolute sovereign authority to control the entry of refugee claimants, they must preserve international order which is in everyone’s self interests.† He also added that: â€Å"a liberal state does not, however, have absolute sovereign authority, not only with respect to its own members, particularly in areas such as providing aid to refugees, but also with respect to stateless individuals or individuals who come from states which have failed to provide protection.† Arguably, it is evident that although the UK is capable of regulating domestic obligations in respect of asylum seekers, international order must still be preserved. It is questionable whether such international obligations are currently being preserved given that asylum seekers are restricted by domestic legislation. It is argued by Ellermann (2009, p. 2) that: â€Å"illegal immigrants often succeeded in preventing the state from exercising its sovere ign powers† since those who have no claims against the state are most likely to be able to frustrate state control. Arguably, state sovereignty is often undermined by international obligations as states are required to allow immigrants to cross their borders if it is considered to be in their interests. Balance? The new Points Based System (PBS) in the UK was introduced in order to regulate and control the existing mixed migration flows. Previously, citizens could apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain in the UK after spending five years living there, yet it is now a requirement under the Act that five years residence will only lead to â€Å"probationary citizenship† which would be capable of leading to full citizenship once a number of â€Å"points† have been earned. This new system is beneficial for the economy as it prevents migrants from becoming dependent on the State and enables a distinction to be made between the different types of migrants. As Woolas (2010, p. 1) believes: â€Å"Migration only works if it brings benefits and these measures will ensure that only those migrants that make a positive impact on their local community will be able to stay in the UK.† The Act will consequently prevent those migrants who are not beneficial to the UK’s economy from a cquiring citizenship since â€Å"unlimited migration places unacceptable pressure on public services, school places, and the provision of housing, causing problems for certain local communities† (Home Office: 2010). Too much restriction should not be placed upon the flow of migrants, however since â€Å"migrant workers in recent years have provided a significant boost to UK economic growth† (Balakrishnan, 2006, p. 2). Essentially, it is thereby important that a balance is struck between giving migrant workers the ability to acquire citizenship and preventing those that seek to rely on the State from being admitted unless they are genuinely fleeing from persecution. In Omojudi v United Kingdom Application No. 1820/08, 24 November, 2009 it was held by the court that a violation of the rights of immigrants under international law can only be justified if the aims being pursued are proportionate in view of the breach that has occurred. A justification will, as put by Stone (2010; p. 352); â€Å"require that the differential treatment has a legitimate aim and that there is a reasonable relationship of proportionality between the means employed and the aim pursued.† Therefore, unless a State has a legitimate aim for refusing migrants citizenship, then this will not be justified. This certainly allows greater fairness to be ensued. In Cabales and Balkandali v United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 471 it was held that a refusal would need â€Å"very weighty reasons† before a violation of any rights under the European Convention of Human Rights 1951 could be justified. Difficulties still exist in relation to border control, nonetheless, and it see ms as though greater emphasis needs to be placed upon â€Å"exit checks and proper border controls† (Huhne: 2010, p. 2). The UK is the most vulnerable State that attracts migrants and because of this, it is even more important that the flow of mixed migrants is being controlled and managed effectively. It was stated by Shah (2002, p. 315) that: â€Å"the complexity of immigration control has therefore to keep pace with a highly mobile world where global communications at all levels and in all forms are easily exploited by criminal gangs and desperate individuals.† Conclusion Overall, it is often very difficult for states to properly regulate and manage migration flows because of the fact that they are increasingly differentiated. This is widely due to the problems that are caused by trying to distinguish between the different types of migrants. In addition, even when a distinction can be made, domestic legislation often conflicts with international obligations. As such, states are required to preserve international order in cases of confliction which often prevents them from implementing proper regulatory practices. In order to manage migration flows effectively, it is necessary for all states to co-operate and establish a common approach to migration management. This will ensure that that the rights of migrants are being protected, whilst also preserving national security. Hence, because of the problems that are caused by the lack of certainty surrounding refugee’s and asylum seekers, it is necessary for clearer guidance to be provided, which wil l enable a distinction to be made between the different types of migrants. This is necessary in certifying on the one hand that the rights of migrants are protected, and on the other than an overflow of migrants does not occur. References Adelman, H. (1998) Refuge or Asylum A Philosophical Perspective, Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 1, Number 1. Amnesty International., (2009) World Refugee Day: Lives in Danger as Governments Deny Refugees Protection in Europe, http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/world-refugee-day-lives-danger-governments-deny-refugees-protection-euro [Accessed 14 October 2013]. Balakrishnan, A., (2006). Immigrants Help the Economy Grow by 3%. The Guardian, [Accessed 13 October 2013]. Betts, A., and Loescher., (2011) Refugees in International Relations, Oxford University Press. Boswell, C., and Geddes, A., (2010) Migration and Mobility in the European Union, Palgrave Macmillan, 1st Edition. Busuttil, A. (1990) Immigration Problems and DNA Profiling, Journal of the Law Society of Scotland, (1990) 35 JLSS 286. Castles, S., and Miller, M. J., (2009) The Age of Migration, Fourth Edition: International Population Movements in the Modern World. Compas., (2013) Flows and Dynamics, [Accessed 23 November, 2013]. Ellermann, A. (2009) Undocumented Migrants and Resistance in the State of Exception, University of British Columbia, Available [Accessed 13 October 2013]. Gibney, M. J., (2004) The Ethics and Politics of Asylum: Liberal Democracy and the Response to Refugees, Cambridge University Press. Guild, E., and P., Minderhoud, (2011) The First Decade of EU Migration and Asylum Law, Martinus Nijhoff. Huhne, C., (2009). Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. Scottish Human Rights Law Group, [Accessed 15 October 2013]. Human Rights Education Association, Refugees and Displaced Persons, (1996-2011), [Accessed 15 October 2013]. Ryan, L., and Webster, W., (2008) Gendering Migration: Masculinity, Femininity and Ethnicity in Post-War Britain, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Sales, R., (2007) Understanding Immigration and Refugee Policy: Contradictions and Continuities, Policy Press, Political Science. Stone, R., (2010) Textbook on Civil Liberties, 8th edition, OUP Oxford. Woolas, P., (2010). Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. The Guardian, [Accessed 13 October 2013]. How to cite Migration flows are increasingly differentiated., Essay examples

Ethical delimms Essay Example

Ethical delimms Essay What is Ethical Dilemmas in the workplace? A dilemma usually arises when there is conflict between staff, and their Individual opinion. An Ethical dilemma may occur within two or more people, almost all workplace has ethical dilemmas reason Is staff may all come from different socio-economic backgrounds, cultures, and beliefs. Ethical Dilemmas in the work place are common issues, and can be a daunting issue. It can cause an employee not to like their Job, or cause a bad impression on others. Many of the different dilemmas that can be faced are favoritism, sexual harassment, termination of an employee without notice, unnecessary delay in pay, working for more than one organization, not doing your Job, and taking excessive leave, the list can go on and on. It can also cause a person to have unwanted stress. As a counselor ones job title is working as a trainer on the floor assisting developmental adults with piece work, counseling individuals when needed, and complying with state guidelines, ensuring that all yearly documents are received, and filed, Individualized service plans are done twice a year, and ensuring the health and fatty of all Individuals. Each case load consist of 10-20 individuals. This work usually comes with a dead line, sometimes It also comes with all staff assisting with the fashion. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical delimms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical delimms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical delimms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Employee X was hired as a counselor on his first day on the Job his Job duties was again told, along with his training. However he refused to work as everyone else. Many of times he has been caught locked away in the office refusing to help or assist with the other individuals. Counselor Z has spoken to counselor X, however nothing has changed. Eventually counselor Z went to her director, and informed them of the situation. Upon speaking to the director, counselor Z was informed that they would have a staff meeting with the department during the meeting counselor X stated that hes always on the floor. Once again the Job description was given to all employees. The director even established a rotating schedule in case the need arise that additional staff was needed on the floor. This plan indicated office duties, each counselor will have one day where you were allotted to complete all office work and the other office work days was split. Where one counselor was on the floor at all times while the other counselor had office duties. This seemed to work for a while. This seemed to Correcting the Ethical Dilemma of the work place. Counselor X started hiding away in the office, once again refusing to help on the floor. One day we were so short staff and needed as much help as possible, the director pulled staff from other departments to assist us as we had reached the companies dead line, and the order was going to be picked up for shipment by the close of business. Counselor X stated that it was his office day, and he was not leaving his office. Counselor Z went to the director once again, and tresses her concerns, at the end of the day the director called a staff meeting, for an in service on what Job titles were. When asked what was the issues or conflicts that the department had, or if there was any concerns that needed to be rectified no one said anything, not to mention that many of the other employees had the same concerns. I finally said I had something to say I stated exactly what the issue was. The director gave counselor X a chance to defend himself, and of course he never admitted to doing anything wrong. The director stated that a counselors Job is Just as important, as any other position in the facility. The director also stated effective immediately no counselor will be in the office any one day in any given week. All counselors will be allowed one day of choice to do paper work, if for any reason staff is needed on the floor another day will be assigned either that week or the following week to ensure that all work is completed in a timely fashion. It seemed as if this problem was not going to get rectified. I was not sure if the director has ever spoke to counselor X, it was unclear if he even understood his Job. After weeks, of the same behavior going on. I started to think there is some type of favoritism. I could not put my hands on the situation. I finally went to the union. I was not sure if this was the right thing to do, however the company felt strong about stealing company money, which this was because he did no work. As an outsider do you feel that this situation was handled in the correct way? If you were the director can you think of a better way of dealing with this situation? If I was the director 1 verbal, 1 written, and a final would have been all that it should have taken. Eventually the director transferred to a different facility, and counselor X was fired. This situation went on for more than 8 months. This ethical Dilemma not only affected staff but it also affected the individuals that we serviced. Even though a person track. Now that the union was involved the company has implemented the 3 strike rule. In conclusion to the Ethical Dilemmas that are found in many areas of the work place. As all employees come from different walks of life, have different beliefs, and believe what there cultures believe in. Many people will experience Ethical Dilemmas in the work place, however can it be avoided, can companies have enough in place to avoid situations like this or many others from happen again. No one ever wants to deal with certain dilemmas especially where one has to work.