Comparing Country and City Life

Comparing Country and City Life Some people think that city life has more benefits than country life; however, some people agree that country life is a â€Å"real life†. Like hearing natures music, or seeing sights of the land and its natural beauty. Even though city living and country living might have their similarities, a broader perspective shows that they both have some differences in conveniences, life conditions, and people’s characteristics. The first similarity is convenience.Most people argue that this is only a characteristic of city life, but that is not always true. For example, even though both have access to places such as hospitals, malls, restaurants, or church, still, they vary in time to commute to these facilities. While in a big city, the travel to the store might be further than in the country. It is also true that they have better schools in the city, such as colleges, universities, and even transportation, such as a metro, to these schools. Both the country and city have high, middle, and elementary schools.Both living conditions offer conveniences, but they are reflected differently in time. Some people believe that life in the city provides better job opportunities than in the country. This is not wrong because you have a stronger population rise in the city, which calls for more companies with better salary earning. People in the city also have better options of how to spend their free time. For instance, people can visit various museums, cinemas, and libraries. People in the country do not have laundry mats, car washes, or beauty salons.In contrast, there are plenty of these in the city. People living in the country feel themselves in safety. The crime rate in the country is way lower than in the city. Most people that live in the country are also very friendly. My cousin has lived in the country for three years and says that he has a bunch of friends there. Therefore, she never considers moving to the city. In the city , pollution surrounds people wherever they go, whether it’s on the streets or on the lawn of a large park.Pollution could possibly cause health problems later on in life. In the country, pollution is scarce. Fresh air, rolling green hills, a few pieces of litter, but for the most part everything is cleaner. In the city, housing and food are expensive. Services such as transportation are also expensive, and almost mandatory. Worst of all, the most expensive component of life in the city is the toll it takes on your body through stress. Stress can be present in the city in almost any situation.The crowds, traffic, or even tight work schedules. The country life is very peaceful. The night is quiet. No heavy traffic, no sirens, no rush of the â€Å"morning crowd†. Life is simple and calming. In conclusion, personally, I experienced both living in the big city, where I was born, and living in the small country, where I live now. In my opinion, life in the country is quiet a nd slow. Therefore, it is more suitable for children and old people. I prefer living in a big city, where I can have a vast amount of opportunities in front of me.

Legalizing gambling Essay

Gambling is legal in many places, it’s not either a criminal or dangerous activity provided it is done responsibly, and in accordance with the law. Have you ever wagered on a game? If so you were gambling and should have been fined. Lawmakers have decided that it is evil to gamble, they have justified it as a means to scam billions from citizens in order to compensate for their mismanagement of tax revenue. They pass laws that could put a taxpayer in jail for placing a single dollar wager on a pool game. Legalizing gambling nationally could potentially benefit our economic situation. All gambling was once legal. Looking back only 75-100 years ago most of our states had lotteries in place. Over the past century, as a result of abuse and moral fervor the majority forms of gambling have been prohibited. The history of gambling in the United States evolved from Europe. The Puritans and Quakers took little time to create first laws against gambling in 1638. Casino gambling is becoming increasingly popular especially in southern states. Native Americans are allowed to establish bingo parlors and casinos on their reservations, although Las Vegas and Atlantic City remain gambling tourist top destination choice. Many states allow horse and dog racing tracks and then there’s the people who bet on sporting events, card games, and almost anything you can imagine in the privacy of their own home. The first thing to do is to regulate gambling, both land-based and online. After the legislative base is created and regulation covers every aspect of the gambling industry, it’s half way to being legalized. I don’t see why we should lose a couple dollars to a pool hustler, when we could be hustled legally by the state. Gambling offers individuals the adrenaline rush that greater opportunity lies within their own hands. People should not be denied an activity that they enjoy partaking in. Government can earn revenues from legalized gambling which can be diverted towards bettering our society. Legalizing gambling would increase employment opportunities in society which could help to reduce the amount of working capable people out of a job. Gambling establishments have shown to increase employment opportunities as well as improve tourism in the right areas. The presence of gambling establishments is also beneficial to society because they can contribute the revenues to local governments which then could use the profits for social programs that would benefit both gamblers and non gamblers. Legalized commercial gambling is becoming an increasing controversy within our state governments. There is no doubt that many different forms of legalized gambling has exploded in the region and around the country, if the government gives full support of legalization they will be doing all US citizens a favor. Some argue that gambling is an addiction, one that can become dangerous and harmful to the general public. The truth is that like all other influenced jobs it can be a way of making a living for yourself and your family. Though there are a lot of people that struggle with an addiction to gambling, there are probably just as many people who are responsible gamblers and have enough self control to moderate there wagering hobbies. Legalizing gambling nationally will help stimulate our struggling economy in many ways. If our government would be willing to try to implement new laws to legalize and regulate it theres no way a short time period of testing these ideas would leave any permanent damage on our nation.

John Crowe Ransom described Hardy as essentially a Victorian poet, in Essay

John Crowe Ransom described Hardy as essentially a Victorian poet, in which sense is this true - Essay Example His first volume of poems, Wessex Poems, was not published before 1898, even though a number of its lyrics dated from the 1870s. Early critics found Hardy's lyrics tasteless as well as his novels, in particular, because of their unsophisticated style, pessimistic motifs and abstractive philosophy. He was also charged with his simplistic refrains and uncomplicatedness of his lyric forms. Furthermore, he was "accused of writing lyrics that were flawed by the pervasiveness of the philosophy that informed them. Gothic architecture loomed in the back of Hardy's mind throughout his career as a poet, providing a powerful model for artistic unity and complexity" (Mitchell, 1988, p.307). Contemporary critics admire his self-sufficient 'evolutionary meliorism' and his sharp poetical irony, woven into his own psychological insights as well as modernist 'spareness' and roughness of his poetic and melodic experiences. His poetry is a quintessence of loss, severe nostalgia and the somber borders of human hope and love. To great extent, Hardy saw himself as a poet - foremost a poet - through his literary career, and even though his poetic heritage is not always acknowledged by critics, his numerous powerful verses, such as 'Nature's Questioning', 'Neutral Tones', 'The Convergence of the Twain' and many others, make the reader re-think one's own existence and human emotions on the background of Victorian landscape. "His poetry is spare, unadorned, and unromantic, and its pervasive theme is man's futile struggle against cosmic forces. Hardy's vision reflects a world in which Victorian complacencies were dying but its moralism was not, and in which science had eliminated the comforting certainties of religion" (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2004, p. 684 (21027)). Thomas Hardy is often seen as a Victorian poet (Williams, 1972; Page, 2000; Mitchell, 1988) for his perception of time, space and external objects, typically attributed to Victorian realism. Thus, it is important to outline the typical features of classical Victorian poetry. First of all, poetry was considered superior than prose by Victorian poets, because the real genius can be noticed in lyrics and rhymes. Poetic illustration of social problems was vital, and poets were viewed as masters of style and rhythm, due to their ability to interweave profound philosophy (including philosophy of life) with such social issues, as marriage, gender and education. Secondly, Victorian poets widely used retrospective forms (such as epigram, epitaph and elegy) and archaic language. In addition, they sometimes referred to ancient mythical characters, especially to those from Greek mythology. On the other hand, despite the general elaboration of language and style, many poets practiced simplistic and colloquial genres. Thirdly, Victorian poetry is also characterized by the use of social themes, such as individual versus society, social drama, as well as by realistic approach (influenced by the emergence of Utilitarianism, Unitarianism and other moral theories). In addition, many poets appealed to the reader's sympathy and sentimentalism as well as to his/her imagination (Page, 2000) (especially as it related to rural landscapes and pastorals), but merely within the realistic context. In addition, the

Nonverbal communication response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nonverbal communication response - Assignment Example Furthermore, I decided even get rid of them in order to dance staying on the ground without my sticks. Moreover, even my jacket and T-shirt were skipped out; but, it was a crime according to Ankara administrative law and Muslim customs of how you must behave yourself in the central streets of the capital, and my behavior was evaluated as deviant one. From the other side, I learnt that such behavior --- dancing in the street without jacket and T-shirt --- is believed to be shameful in Ankara. So, this is one of real life examples of intercultural differences in use of space, touch, time, gestures, etc., because in most of Western cities such deviant behavior could be evaluated as principally normal one. Nevertheless, when you do not understand another cultures difference in nonverbal communication, a conflict may occur; that is why it may be regarded as very wise decision to accept the rules of foreign country with respect to inter-culturality. Therefore, in order to become more aware of how we communicate, it is necessary to at least respect customs of others that may be treated as stupid and idiotic from the other side of nonverbal communication. Moreover, identifying the examples that are above, we could state that a person become more aware of cultural differences when these differences are at least articulated; the more you are competent in intercultural communication, the more you know about these limitations, restrictions, borders, and discources of articulation. Fortunately, I consider myself as being competent in intercultural communication, and this situation from Ankara presumably proves this proclamation. To become more mindful, you need to be immersed into a foreign society to feel yourself totally liberated from the roots and also I must feel anxiety and danger to become more mindful in respect to multi-culturality. Additionally, as for the second paragraph, here in

Are Women Culturally Different than Men Assignment

Are Women Culturally Different than Men - Assignment Example Other than the role-theory, the society reinforces sex role to enforce cultural differences between men and women within a society with these differences ensuring that one gender was provided with more opportunities for success than the other gender. In fact, the society has identified the way that the behavior, thought-process, and feeling of either gender were different with the society identifying various situations in which each gender fitted in, which consequently promoted the cultural differences between men and women in the same society. Buchwald, Fletcher, and Roth (1995) noted that a rape culture is a culture in which there is evidence of a complex set of beliefs in which men are perpetually encouraged to be sexually, aggressive towards their female counterparts since the society appears to be supportive of the actions by males. Primarily, the social construct that men and women are different is the cause of the behavior in men. In the same society, whereby there is a rape culture, there is support for violence against women with the males appearing to be the dominant gender and their actions being aggressive to the female gender (qtd. in Garton 17). In the contemporary society, it is evident that activities that are obvious from various channels are an apparent promotion of violence against women. In this case, there is evidence to suggest that men are more superior to their female counterparts with their superiority making them more aggressive towards women, which leads to the culture of rape. Primarily, a rape culture is attributable to non-biological social constructs of power and inequality. In this case, the society construes men as more powerful than their female counterparts.  

The Role of Knowledge Management and Human Resource Management in Research Paper

The Role of Knowledge Management and Human Resource Management in assisting the employees' replacement process - Research Paper Example Conclusions 22 References Appendices List of Abbreviations HRM: Human Resource Management KM: Knowledge Management IC: Intellectual Capital RBV: Resource-based-view 1. Introduction: Ulrich (1998) asserted that knowledge management through intellectual capital will be the basis for direct and indirect competitive advantage for organisations; and that successful organisations will be the ones that are most adept at attracting, developing and retaining individuals who can drive global organisation that is responsive for both its customers and the burgeoning opportunities of technology. Ulrich’s perspective on knowledge management and human resources management provide a strong foundation to understand contemporary organisations’ providence in sustaining their position in the global market. This paper will discuss the Ulrich perspective in depth and to show the link between the role of both Human Recourse Management and Knowledge Management in sustaining the competitive adv antage of organisations through knowledge workers. 2. What is Intellectual Capital: Ulrich (1998) emphasizes the ability to attract, develop and retain individuals that can run organisations at global levels while exploiting technological advancements for achieving and sustaining success. This is possible by building intellectual capital, which the Business Dictionary explains as the collective knowledge of individuals in an organisation or society, which can be used to produce wealth, multiple output of physical assets, gain competitive advantage, and/or to enhance value of other types of capital including customer capital, human capital, intellectual property, and structural capital (Skiba & Dulong, 2010; p.264). Human capital constitutes the knowledge gained by employees through specific activities that result in learning and innovation (Edvinsson and Malone 1997). Overall, Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998; p.245) regard IC as â€Å"a valuable resource and a capability for action base d in knowledge.† Moreover, they regard IC of greater value compared to other organisational assets. According to them, IC operates in two dimensions, first based on types of knowledge; secondly, levels of analysis in knowledge and knowing. From the types of knowledge perspective, its classification into tacit and explicit knowledge by Polanyi (1967) stands good in organisational contexts. Intellectual capital is the hidden value of the organisation, and closely linked to Knowledge core processes such as acquisition, codification, dissemination, development and application (Davis, 2009). Establishment of this link between Knowledge core processes and IC requires an understanding of knowledge and its management in organisational contexts. 3. Knowledge and its management: Knowledge: Distinguishing from information and data, Lang (2001) identifies knowledge as a human creation that is embodied in mind, and argues that it cannot be delivered by systems or technology. A highly accep ted and notable classification of knowledge is that of Polanyi’s (1967) tacit and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is that which is captured by an individual’s mindset and manifests through their actions. This knowledge can be acquired through interpersonal interaction (Lee & Choi, 2003). Explicit knowledge forms the formal and systematic knowledge which can be shared and communicated by codifying into manuals, procedures, rules etc (Nonaka & Konno, 1998; Stenmark, 2001). Explicit knowledge can be transferred to others in simpler manner than tacit

How might internet kill switches affect freedom of speech Essay

How might internet kill switches affect freedom of speech - Essay Example In order to protect the national security interest many countries ensures that the Internet wouldn’t help hackers or terrorists to commit digital attacks on different important services that are now un-resolvedly linked to the network. During the past few years many discussion were there in US Congress related to the effective and safe internet structure for improving Homeland Security. Therefore this paper will analyze the causes and impacts of legislations to kill internet and its impacts on the freedom of speech. How Might Internet Kill Switches Affect Freedom Of Speech? 1 INTRODUCTION In today’s world the Internet has become the fastest mean of communication and this is unprecedented. However simultaneously, peoples are losing conventional print form of fact-finding journalism. Everyone in the world is communicating with each other via the Internet, as this has now turned into the most trusted sources of news. Arab Spring of 2011 is an example of the power of the in ternet and the reason for this development is the social media websites. In addition to a way of dynamically social communication, the Internet has now turned the greatest risk to all the secret societies (Crum, 2011). This study provides the detailed content over the developments at governmental level in various countries regarding the blocking of internet and its ethical impacts of this internet kill switch on the right of free speech in two more sections. Section 2 this paper will discuss the brief background and current situation of the issue and section 3 will conclude this paper covering the main points regarding the issue. Currently there is a proposal regaining momentum in Congress to provide the president with a â€Å"kill switch† for various sectors of the internet. 2. BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE Every time when new ways of communications have been introduced, their invention and appliance was met with the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge, fear or direc tly ban by the dominating parties who feared the unknown means, and its power to remove and replace them from their authorities. And for this reason, modern (mass) media throughout history face suspicion, and are responsible for unnecessary regulation as they cause fear of possible unfavorable effects on security, society, and also to the political structures of the country. These types of events has proven true in the communication of certain types of content to the public from the press to the introduction of radio, TV and satellite transmissions, also as other types of systems for communicating. During the last decade, due to the increase in attention towards the Internet and also to its access to the new means of communications that are having no borders, the extensive accessibility of different content and many types of content viewed as to be not good for children, stimulates a â€Å"moral panic† that is shared by a number of countries and authorities and certain member of civil-society. Nowadays, on the other hand, with this new digital mode of communication, wide spread of information and content is available, which do not essentially respect the rules belonging to a nation. In various countries such dissolution of the power of controlling content, combined with the worldwide growth of information, comes along with an increased knowing of more than one language is evident. This virtual world of internet is now becoming borderless due to the

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Case Study - Essay Example ng on this, Aaker (1992) contends that, brand equity is a combination of assets such as loyalty, awareness, and perceived quality with brand associations. This study focuses on the case study of Snapple as a brand. The paper is subdivided in to four different sections with each section addressing a specific question. The fifth part of the paper however provides the conclusion and recommendation of the study. Positioning products in people’s minds and making them attractive to market segments requires careful formulation of the marketing mix. Getting the right blend of the product, promotion price and distribution is essential to put the carefully carried out analysis into operation. The aim is to portray an image for the product or service that will match with how one wants the product to be visualized in people’s mine. Following Keller (2003) brand equity model, modernity should be reflected in the design, aesthetic, or ergonomic aspects of a brand. Snapple brand should has the same style, features and characteristics that help consumers get value for their money. With these, all products are position and identify under the brand name â€Å"Snapple.† To gain the loyalty of the customers, Snapple’s vision is not necessarily about what others are doing. It’s about bringing to market products that capture the imaginations of consumers and enhance their lives in the process2. It brand features are associated with amateurish approach to marketing, it distribution strategies, and unconventional marketing. The company through its brand extension emphasizes on supprises. Other brand related features that accelerated the development of the brand equity include, the brand natural ingredients, No artificial preservatives or additives, real taste, hot filled processing and upscale packagi ng that conveys quality. Brand elements are the trademarks, logos be it visual or audio and any other methods used by a company to trigger response or feedback from the public.

The Iroquois myth Essay Example for Free

The Iroquois myth Essay Throughout time there have been many myths about creation and the balance of good and evil in the world.   Examining an Iroquios, Penobscot, and Christian myth there are striking similarities. By taking a look at the beliefs behind these myths we are also taking a look at how people have viewed creation, the balance of good and evil, and human sacrifice over time. The Iroquois myth, â€Å"Skywoman†, shares beliefs about the creation of the world.   It first speaks of the heavens above and the miraculous conception of Skywoman.    Skywomen’s father is the first to die in this world and she in only able to be consoled by visiting his body or grave.   Father’s spirit tells her to take a dangerous journey to the village of her soon to be husband.   Once there she, like her mother, becomes pregnant without having intercourse.   Her husband becomes extremely jealous and kicks her through a hole to the next world.   She is saved by flying ducks and a turtle and gives birth to a daughter. This daughter grows and becomes pregnant with twin boys to the spirit of the turtle. The boys symbolize the beginning of good and evil.   The evil twin kills his mother in birth.   The grandmother believes the good twin killed her daughter and he is exiled from their home.   The good twin creates a new world consisting of mortal humans, straight rivers, edible plants, and animals who sacrifice themselves for human consumption.   The bad twin does everything he can to make life hard for the humans including making maize hard so it has to be ground before it can be eaten, making some animals predators to humans, and making rolling hills and winding rivers to make travel harder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Penobscot myth is also about creation.   In this myth the people are born from the elements of the earth; the man is born from the ocean, â€Å"the foam of the wave† and his wife is born â€Å"because a drop of dew fell on a leaf and is warmed by the sun.†Ã‚   The husband and wife have children, who have children, and the people survive by hunting.   One day the animals are gone and the family is starving.   The wife tells her husband that she must be sacrificed if the family is to survive.   She gives him specific instructions and she is sacrificed.   Her body is used to nourish the land and after seven moons there are edible plants and tobacco at her resting place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many myths throughout the world and throughout history about the creation of the world as we know it.   It is interesting that so often these myths from many different cultures and religions have similar ideas.   I find one of the most common stories of creation to be that of Christian nature with the story of Adam and Eve.   In this story Adam and Eve are living in the Garden of Eden, a pure world.   In this world there is no shame and plenty of food and water.  Ã‚   The world as we know it comes to an end when the evil snake steps in and creates temptation.   Thus the world as we know it is now is created with good and evil both playing a role.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I find it fascinating that across time, oceans, and cultural boundaries people have had such similar ideas about creation, the presence of good and evil in the world, and sacrifice.   In many myths about creation the world is created from heaven and hell, or in the case of the Iroquois myth from the sky world and the underworld, or from the earth as seen in the Penobscot myth.   In the Iroquois and Christian myth there is always a struggle to find the balance between good and evil, the Iroquois twins or the snake tempting Adam.   There is also the reoccurring theme of sacrifice.   In the Iroquois myth the twins’ mother was sacrificed at birth.    The animals in this myth originally offered to be sacrificed for human consumption.   The first mother sacrificed herself in the Pencobost myth to the earth and to create food for her children.   I believe that it has been known for quite a while that once these necessities are fulfilled then we can move on to fulfill our psychological needs such as acceptance and love.   Human nature crosses generations upon generations of people.   In essence I feel that people have always known what they need and want out of life.   The balance of good and evil comes into play because of the ways of which people choose to go about obtaining their wants and needs.

Free

Free Time Essay There are lots of pleasure grounds all over the world. I think everywhere there are pubs, discoes, clubs, etc. We go out with my friends especially to pubs where we can chat, listen to music, dance and eat something. But the garden parties are more friendlier and cheaper. We usually organize barbecues with children, this time they can play and run in the garden. I usually go to a wellness-weekend with my husband once a year in winter because we work a lot all of the year. There are some well-known spas in Hungary, for example, Hà ©và ­z and Hajdà ºszoboszlà ³, and many people, including foreigners, go there. A hobby is an activity that you like doing and do quite often. Hobbies are a form of recreation. If you have a hobby, it’s easier to regain energy after a hard day’s work. Depending on the type of the hobby, you can also make friends. Unfortunately many Hungarians spend their free time at home watching TV. But there are some who do some physical activities regularly, like swimming, aerobics or hiking. Nowadays many young people spend much of their time playing computer games either at home or in internet cafes. I think men and women usually have different kinds of hobbies, for example, very few women go fishing and they are not so interested in extreme sports, either. On the other hand, men generally aren’t interested in needlework or pottery. In my opinion both men and women do gardening but they tend to do different jobs in the garden. Women like dealing with flowers, they weed the flowerbeds, plant new varieties and they design the whole garden. Men usually prune the trees, trim the hedges and mow the lawn. Collecting stamps, coins, autographs, phone cards, beer mats or napkins, model building, doing needlework or woodwork, pottery, basketry, playing an instrument and dancing are indoor hobbies, while hiking, mountaineering, caving, sailing, fishing, canoeing and bird-watching are outdoor hobbies. My sister’s hobbies are collecting phone cards and diary writing. I like reading about feng-shui and I like to be an Avon consultant. I used to play handball for years, nowadays I only watch handball games on TV. As far as I know, the English like playing golf and cricket, and there are quite a few soccer fans among them. They often mow the lawn and wash their cars at weekends, while some British people go to horse races to bet or just to watch the race. Some Americans go to baseball and basketball games regularly to support their teams. But there are others who prefer staying at home and watching these games on TV while eating snacks. I think Hungarian people collect the same things that people like collecting all over the world, mostly stamps and coins. If we considered a sport that many people pursue popular, the most popular sport in Hungary are football, handball, hiking and aerobics. If a popular sport means a sport that many people watch, besides football and handball, the most popular sports are Formula 1 racing, water polo and boxing.

Fault Diagnosis And Troubleshooting Information Technology Essay

Fault Diagnosis And Troubleshooting Information Technology Essay Network management is nothing but the activity which is associated with the network, which is implemented along with the technology to support the activities. Different types of merged communications and the videos are handled by network. A network is an interlinking structure which requires very much attention. It should be planned cautiously. The network devices must be configured without affecting the remaining part of the network. There may be the failures in the network, so they need to be detected and repaired. Reliability and availability are linked with the network. The role of the network manager not only observes the performance and the security of the network, they also predict the problems in the network and exceed the technologies to make that everything will work well. There exist two frameworks i.e. FCAPS and ITIL that can be useful for interpret and demonstrating the network management. In this paper we can see that how they are helpful to think about the management t ools. Now a days many of the UK public sector organizations are using ITIL. Some companies use FCAPS which is layered with TMN, but ITIL is more beneficiary when compared to FCAPS. The main objective of this paper is to provide detailed information about FCAPS and ITIL and to provide their advantages. They are helpful in managing the networks of medium and large organizations. And also compare FCAPS and ITIL, which would be helpful for NMRU for migrating to ITIL. INTRODUCTION: 1 FCAPS International telecommunications union has developed the Fcaps. They have stated it as a model and not as a product. Along with the TMN layering, ITU-T divided the functionalities provided by the management into five areas. The functionality of the FCAPS is performed at various levels of TMN. 1.1 Fault management Fault management is group of operations that performs finding the errors and correcting the defecting the errors. To be a good fault management it needs to acquire the problem, leave the information to the concerned person and observe the problems through trouble ticketing. The aim of this is to find the errors and indicate the errors that have come in the various places of network. In the short latent time the errors must be identified and rectified. It contains the functions given below, Network monitoring The main function of network monitoring is that to check whether the performance of the network is good, to have a look on the actual state of the network and also to modify the state. The fundamental step of this is to know the errors in the network and respond accordingly which occur in the network. The main aim of network monitoring is to refer the functionality of the alarms. Alarms are nothing but the messages which are sent from the network that something has occurred unexpectedly. The unexpected things can be of any kind i.e. it can be from a router that the line card is not working, a sudden change in the quality of the signal in a wireless network and some unauthorized user have entered into the network. An alarm for network is nothing but a fire alarm which occurs unexpectedly. Sometimes the alarm management synonymously acts with the fault management. Alarm management has classified into two different functions. The basic function of the alarm management is that collecting the alarms, maintaining the exact and ongoing list of the alarms and modifies the alarms. The main task is to collect the alarms from network and also create in such a way that nothing is missing which is important. This considers the alarms that are received and store it to the memory so that a human or an applicant can process it further. It also includes the persisting of the alarms, written to a disk or store in a database so that the alarms which have occurred can be built as a record. In most cases, collection of alarms includes addition of alarms, the mechanisms to check that the zero alarms have lost and we can also request for the replay of alarms. In general we will lose the alarms in different ways. For example, the transportation which is from the underground may not be tested so we may lose the information of the alarms when it is going to the application of the management. There may be the other reason for the information to be lost i.e. the network is blocked so that alarms may fail to reach the destination. In the third case, it will reach the destination but it was not collected in order because the functioning of the application or the database was not in the right way. After the collection of the alarms, it is needed to maintain the list of the alarms. The list also communicates with the operator about the current state of the entities and for instance any device is having any problems. It is essential to realise the way the alarms are being submitted to the users. The result of each alarm is entered into the list that contains the information of the alarm. The list can be examined, classified and it can be separated accordingly, such as the alarm type, the type of the network element modified, the time of the occurrence of the alarm etc. The information of the alarms can be visualized in different ways, but the topology maps are the most popular one. In the advanced alarm management, the additional functions are required to manage the alarms. For processing of the alarms the network managers are provided with the great flexibility. For example, with the functioning of the alarm-forwarding the alarms might be sent to the operator to permit for the dispatch, such as the local police will be called automatically for the home intrusion detection. Another function is that the acknowledgment of the alarm can be done by the network operator; it means they confirm that the alarm has occurred and they are under processing. And the third is clearing the alarms; to describe the condition of the alarm an alarm message has been sent. And after some time the second message is sent indicating that the condition of the alarm doesnt exist for the longer period. Two techniques are dealt with the overloading of the information. One is filtering, is it used to remove the information of the event that is unimportant, the receiver will be allowed to concentrate on the applicable event information. The other one is the correlation, it is used to pre-process and collect the data from the events and the alarms. We will discuss about these two techniques in detail. In general filtering is done not only on alarms but also on events. It is essential to hide as many as events that are not important. Filtering can be enabled in two ways; one is allowing the operators to subscribe only the limited events and also the alarms that are applicable to them, as chosen according to the criteria. By doing this the operators will receive the events that matches there criteria. And the other one which is used to filter the alarms is deduplication of alarms. The condition of the alarm might cause in such a way that it may send the same alarm repeatedly. Because the alarm which comes repeatedly doesnt contain any new information so the new instance of the alarm which is received might be removed. The process of removing the extra alarms is named as deduplication. Alarm correlation refers to alarms that must be filtered and the functions that must be pre-processed. All the received alarm messages are stopped, studied and compared with all the alarms which are probably related with each other. For example, the alarm messages might be linked up because they may have the similar problem. The general idea behind the event and alarm correlation is that rather than forwarding and reporting different messages, it is better to send a few that combine and resume the same information from different raw events. By doing in this way, the alarm messages that are reported can be automatically decreased. Fault Diagnosis and troubleshooting Network diagnosis doesnt variant a lot from medical diagnosis. The variation is nothing but the patient. When the network contains a fault then the ability to solve the problem is, immediately finding out the reason for the problem. The process of solving the problem is meant as root cause analysis. Alarm will only alert us about the symptom but not the reason for that problem. Troubleshooting will support diagnosis. Troubleshooting can simply retrieve the data about the device. Essential support is provided for diagnosis for testing a device or a network. Test can be used not only after occurring a problem but it can be used proactively i.e. we can know the problem in before it knows to the user. Avoiding the faults altogether is best for fault management. Proactive Fault Management In fault management most of the functionalities work in such way that they become active after occurring the errors. It is nothing but taking precautions in the network so that any failures cannot occur. It also includes the analysis of the alarms that recognizes the alarms that have caused due to the minor error. Trouble Ticketing There might be ten thousand users who are using a very large network. In this case, there is chance to occur hundreds of problems in one day. In those only few or none of the problem can be solved. There might be many individual users who are experiencing problems which might be serious to them. Trouble ticket doesnt result for every alarm, issuing that many is not possible. 1.2 Configuration Management In this the first step is to configure the network. In this the hardware and also the programming changes, considering the new programs and the equipments and adding them to the previous one, existing systems should be modified and removal of the unused systems and the programs. A list should be kept so that the equipment and the programs are kept and they are regularly updated. Configuring Managed Resources In the beginning of the configuration management, the activities and the operations which are being managed are configured first. It means that it is involved in sending the commands to the network equipment for changing the settings of the configuration. Sometimes it involves in isolating only a single device, such as only one interface of the port will be configured. Synchronization It can be viewed in two ways one is considering the network as the master and the other one is considering the management system as the master. In reconciliation the network is considered to be the master, the information which is in the management system will reflect in the network. Synchronization of the information is performed from network to the management system. In reprovisioning the Management system is considered to be the master of the management information. It flows from management system to the network, resulting the changes in the configuration of the network. Until the management system will receive a report from the network device that the changes has been made it will maintain a flag indicating that it is out of synchronization. In discrepancy reporting the user is being detected and flagged by the discrepancies. It doesnt maintain the direction of the synchronization which is to be taken place. This is to be performed by the user on case by case basis. If he decides that the information should be reflected by the management system it will ask the reconciliation. Backup and Restore The virus can destroy the data that is present in the hard disk. If we have a backup of data then in such cases we can recover the data. In the same it also applies for the network i.e. the backup and restores functionalities. The data of our users will not be in word or excel sheet but it will be the configuration of the network. The data is very important and it needs to be protected, just as we protect the database in a company. If unfortunately the configurations in the network are wiped off then many people will be affected. Then we dont have time to reconfigure the network. The easiest way to bring the things backup is restoring the network till the end of the configurations. Image Management Many network vendors issue the new versions of the software. In such cases you must be able to upgrade the network. The problem is that we are dealing with thousands of pcs which are connected across the same network. We must be have an idea of which devices are being installed with the different softwares, so that we can send the images which are to be updated and installed without disturbing the services of the network. This is nothing but the image management. 1.3 Accounting Management It is nothing but the functions that will provide the organizations to acquire the revenue and for getting the credit for the services they have provided. It needs to be extremely strong, large availability and the reliable standards are applied. 1.4 Performance Management The performance metrics Throughput, the number of communication units performed per unit time. The communication units depend on the type of the layer, network and the services which are provided to the network. Examples, In the network layer, the total number of packets that are sent per second. In the application layer the voice calls or calls which are attempted per hour. Delay, it is measured per unit time. Different kinds of delays can be measured depending on the layer or the network services. In the network layer, the time taken for an ip packet to reach its destination. In the application layer, the time taken to receive a dial tone after we lift the receiver. Quality, it can be measured in different ways depending on the services of the network. In the network layer, the percentage of the number of packets lost. In the application layer, the percentage of the number of calls terminated or the calls that were dropped. 1.5 Security Management The security aspects that are linked with securing the network from the treats, hackers attack, worms and viruses and the intrusion of the malicious attempts. It is distinguished in two ways. Security of Management means that the management is secure. The management applications must be accessed securely. It is generally authorized based on the application management but not on the user basics. Without securing the management application there is no use of securing the interfaces and the network of the management. Management of security means that the network is secured. It involves only in managing network security. Now days we can come across many online treats. The security treats doesnt target on the network it will just target on the devices which are connected to the network i.e. end users. The use of FCAPS in managing the network: It will manage all the kinds of networks i.e. private, public, mobile, narrow and broadband and including all area networks (WAN, MAN, LAN). Cost of implementation is reduced. Transmitting the digital and analog systems. Signalling the systems and the terminals including the transfer points of the signals. Performance problems are located easily. User is made satisfied. Schedules are implemented shortly. The feedback on the design is very effective. Simplified procedure of network operation center. Telecommunication services are provided with the software. 2 ITIL Now days many organizations are more depending on IT because of that ITIL has been developed by the CCTA in UK. It has provided the same framework for different kind of activities which are performed by the IT department. ITIL is managed in different sets, they are defined as the related functions service support, service delivery, and the other operational guidance are managerial, software support, computer operations, security management and environmental. ITIL has been designed to supply a good framework to present a high quality. Actually it is owned by CCTA, but it is observed and evolved by the Office of Government Commerce. 2.1 Service Support The service support focuses on the users. The customers and the users are the starting point to the model. They are involved in Asking for the changes For communication and also the updates Having any difficulties and queries The delivery of the process In most of the organizations it a Network Operations Center (NOC). It is mainly focused on one discipline i.e. whether the users are able to access to the applications what they are required. It focuses on finding the troubles, helping the users and giving the new applications which are completed on the internet. It includes the following Incident Management The main aim of this is to restore the service operation as early as possible, minimizes the effects on the business operations, and verifying that all the levels of quality of the service and the availability are maintained. It can be defined as an event which is not the part of the service operation which may or may not reduce the quality of the service. The reality of this is the normal operations must be restored as soon as possible without effect on the business or on the end user. Configuration Management It helps in representing the logical and the physical functioning of the ICT services which are provided or delivered to the end user. It is nothing but the asset register, because it contains the information about the maintenance and problems which occur during the configuration of the items. Problem management The main aim of this is find out the reasons for the cause of the incidents and to minimise the cause for the incidents and the problems which are caused because of the errors. A problem is nothing but the unknown cause for one or more incidents and the known error is nothing but the problem which is diagnosed successfully. The problem and known errors are defined by the CCTA as given below, Problem is a condition which is often determined as the come out of the multiple incidents that contains the general symptoms. It can also be determined from an individual incident that indicates the single error, the reason is unknown. Known error is an improvement which is identified by the self made diagnosis of the main cause of the problem and the work which is developed around. Change Management The aim of this is to check the way the changes are handled using with the help of methods and procedures. Change is an event that the status of one or more configuring items which are approved by the management. The aim of this includes: Back- out activities are reduced. Change in the utilization of resources. Disruption of the services. The terminology for the change management: Change: the addition, alteration or deletion of CLs. Change Request: the form which is used to store the details which are to be changed and it is sent into the Change Management by using Change Requestor. Forward Schedule of Changes (FSC): it contains a list of all the changes which are going to come. Service Desk The main aim of this includes initiating the incidents and the request, and an interface is initiated for the ITSM processes. Features include: Individual point of contact. Individual point of entry. Individual point of exit. Data integrity. The Service Desk functions include: Incident Control: service request for the life cycle management. Communication: the progress and the advising of the workarounds must be keep on informing to the customers. The Service Desk contains different names: Call Center: it involves managaging of huge amount of telephone based transactions. Help Desk: at primary support level it will conclude the incidents as soon as possible. Service Desk: it not only helps in handling the incidents and solving the problems but also it will provide an interface for various activities such as changing the requests, maintaining the contracts etc. It contains three different types of structures: Central Service Desk: it will handle the organizations which contains in multiple locations. Local Service Desk: it will meet the local business needs. Virtual Service Desk: it will handle the organizations which contains the locations in multiple countries. Release management The software migration team uses it for the purpose of platform-independent and the distribution of the software and hardware. The availability of the licence and the certified version of the software and the hardware ensure the proper control of the software and the hardware. The responsibility of this is to control the quality of the hardware and software during the implementation and development. The goals of this include: Planning the role of the software. Creation and implementation of the process for distributing and to install the changes that occur in the IT. The expectations of the customers are effectively communicated and managed during the planning of the new versions. The changes in the IT systems must be controlled while the distribution and the installation take place. It focus on the protection of the existing environment. It consists of the recent or modified software or the hardware which is required to use the authorized changes. It includes: Leading software which are released and the leading hardware which are updated, this contains the large amount of recent functionalities. Limited software which are released and the limited hardware which are updated, which contains the lesser enhancements and fixes, in which some of them have already issued as the emergency fixes. Emergency software and hardware fixes, which contains the corrections of some known problems. Based on the released unit it is separated into: Delta Release: the changes which have occurred in the software are only released. Full Release: the complete software program is distributed. Packaged Release: it releases the combination of various changes. 2.2 Service Delivery It mainly concentrates on the services which the ICT must be delivered to supply the sufficient support to the business users. It consists of the following processes. Service Level Management It provides for supervising, identification and examining the stages of IT services which are specified in the Service Level Agreements. It involves in assessing the change of the quality of services. To control the activities of the service level management it will join with the operational processes. It is the direct interface to the customer. It is responsible for the following: It will check whether the It services are delivered are not. It will maintain and produce the Service Catalog. It will check that the IT Service Continuity plans subsist to support the business and its requirements. Capacity Management It supports the best and actual cost supply of IT services by providing the organizations match with their business demands. It includes: Size of the application. Workload Management. Demand Management. Modeling. Planning the Capacity. Resource Management. Performance Management. IT Service Continuity Management It Processes succeed an organisations capability to supply the essential aim of service followed by an interruption of service. It is not only reactive measures but also proactive measures. It involves the following steps: By conducting the Business Impact Analysis the activities can be prioritised. The options are evaluated for the purpose of recovery. Contingency plan has been produced. The plan has been tested, reviewed and revised on regular basis. Availability Management The ICT infrastructure capabilities and services are optimized, service outages are minimized by having a support and give continued level of services to business requirements. The ability of IT component has been addressed to perform at a level all over the time. Reliability: the performance of the IT component at a concerned level at an identified condition. Maintainability: the IT component has an ability to remain or regenerate to a functional state. Serviceability: the external supplier has an ability to conserve the availability of the function below the third party. Resilience: the freedom has been measured from the operational failure and the way the services are kept reliable. Redundancy is one of the popular methods for resilience. Security: a service may contain a related data. Security is nothing but the availability of the data. Financial Management It is the process to deal the cost linked to provide the organisation with the services or resources to see the business requirements. It may refer to Managerial Finance: The financial technique has been concerned itself with managerial significance within the branch finance. Corporate Finance: the financial decisions are dealt with the area of the finance. 2.3 Security Management Since several years it has become a prevalent network management. The external treats are justified with the firewalls and the access prevention. The rights and permissions of the configuration management have been included in the security management, so that the end users are not granted with the unauthorized access. 2.4 Infrastructure Management In large organizations, the systems have been designed and the troubleshoot by the teams are different from the team that installs the equipment. Because of this Configuration management is necessary for the success of IT organizations. For installing and configuring of network devices in an organization the infrastructure management is responsible. 2.5 Application Management It is designed to ensure that an application has the correct configuration design to implement in the environment. This can cover different aspects of network management. It is designed to ensure that it is completely enabled to supply the service and delivery to end users. 2.6 Software Asset Management It is considered for managing an organization. The software products and licenses are very expensive. It is designed similar to the configuration management, because it provides the information on each device about the software installation. In large organizations maintaining the software and accounting for the licence is the complex task. Uses of ITIL in an organization The utilization of the resources is improved. Rework is reduced. The submission of project to the client and the time management is improved. The cost of the quality of the service is justified. The central process is integrated. Excess work is decreased. The services are provided in such a way that they meet the customers demand. Know more from the earlier experience. Be more aggressive. Comparision of ITIL and FCAPS: FCAPS mainly focus on the technology management. ITIL focus on the way to run an IT organization efficiently, i.e. on the process and the workflow. One of the limitation of FCAPS, it cannot target operational process which is required to operate a Service Desk. In ITIL framework we have the service desk in service support which provides the operational services to customers or end users. FCAPS on informs about the problem but doesnt gives us the solution to the problem. But ITIL standards provides services to resolve the problem using service delivery and service management. The main task of the FCAPS is that it will help out in managing the objectives of the network. The ITIL is planned to supply the improved framework. The difference between FCAPS and ITIL is that, FCAPS contains only five layers but ITIL contains eleven layers. The incident management and the availability management in the ITIL are similar to the fault management in the FCAPS. The purpose of fault management in FCAPS is finding out the faults in the network and correcting them, but in ITIL if any problem occurs in the management there is no need to rework entire process. The purpose of the incident management is restoring the normal operations and the availability management is associated with the availability of the service to the business at an executable cost. CONCLUSION: Finally the above discussion concludes the use of FCAPS and ITIL in network management. The organizations which implements ITIL will get the good results in the name of the way the services are designed and delivered. The use of any technology is not specified by ITIL, but the implementation on the use of the tools is effective. Main focus of FCAPS begins with technological view. FCAPS has been proved as low risk and logical. For any organization to enhance its performance or to get proper outcome both FCAPS and ITIL has to be associated together.

Effective Use of Imagery in William Blake’s The Lamb and Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s A Very Old Man Wi :: William Blake Lamb Essays

Effective Use of Imagery in William Blake’s The Lamb and Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings "Sailboats as big as cruise ships/ Glide gracefully across the ocean's glassy surface." Have you ever read a piece of literature and found it to be immensely satisfying due to the enormous amount of descriptions used by either the poet or the author? As the opening line illustrates what is happening at the beach, the reader is able to really get to know what the author is trying to explain. These descriptions are referred to as imagery. Imagery is used to give a detailed portrayal of a person, place, or thing. In the short story, "A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings," by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and in the poem, "The Lamb," by William Blake, both, author and poet, use imagery to depict to their audience their own perception of an angel. In the story, "A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings," Marquez first lets the reader know that, "the fallen body with mute stupor" (828), was an angel by writing that he, "couldn't get up, impeded by his enormous wings" (828). Much of today's societies first initial thought of a man with wings are to believe that this person is an angel. People have many different beliefs of what an angel is supposed to look like. Marquez, not wanting his readers to stray away from what his own personal view of an angel in this story, uses imagery to clarify his perception of the angel. Marquez notes that the angel has an, "incomprehensible dialect with a strong sailor's voice," "he was dressed like a ragpicker," "huge buzzard wings, dirty and half-plucked," "only a few faded hairs on his bald skull and very few teeth in his mouth," and most likely the most significant, "his pitiful condition of a drenched great-grandfather had taken away any sense of grandeur he might have had" (828). Without the latte r details of the "angel", the reader would have the opportunity to use whatever they tend to believe and angel is. Marquez sets up the description of the angel to enable the reader to understand why the townspeople may have treated the angel as they had, "as if he weren't a supernatural creature but a circus animal" (829). In the poem, "The Lamb," Blake uses imagery to explain the way the, "Little Lamb" (Line 1), looks like.

Halloween: Family fun or Satan’s Playground? Essay -- Halloween Argume

Okay, I admit this time of year is a guilty pleasure of mine, with the changing of the seasons. The crisp cool days and evenings let you cook hearty healthy meals that fill the home with such sumptuous, delicious smells. It’s the time of year for hot apple cider, pumpkins and families that get together. Harvest time used to be a time when all the hard work of the year was being stored up for the long cold months of winter. We recently had the pleasure of hearing: â€Å"Trick or treat, smell my feet, give me something good to eat.† Why do we say this? Where did this tradition come from? What is the reason for our dressing up, and the pumpkins that we carve? Who originally came up with this celebration and why? Let’s not forget the all-important slasher movies and TV specials. Although many people feel Halloween is not a holiday and should not be celebrated, I believe it is a holiday, because it is steeped in tradition, truly an American holiday, and a social revelry of merriment that everyone can enjoy. Murray Hope explains on Joelle's Sacred Grove Entrance website, that this ancient holiday celebration began with the Celts (people of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England) approximately in the 5th century BCE. After the occupation of the British Isle’s many of the Roman pagan ways were added to this celebration such as their Goddess of harvest, Pomona whose sacred fruit is the apple. It is believed that this is why we celebrate the festivities with apple cider, bobbing for apples and candy apples (Wolf). This all lasted until Christianity decided to convert all pagans, and incorporated many of their holidays into the churches calendar. Pope Gregory IV was the first to try combining pagan ways within the Church so he crea... ...ngest Holidays." Suite101.com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network. 28 Sept. 2007. Web. October 8, 2010. Schaadt, Robert L. "Bats and Halloween - The Vindicator: News." The Vindicator: The Oldest Continuously Printing News Source in South Liberty County since 1887. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. "Should Christians Participate in Halloween? - ChristianAnswers.Net." Christian Answers ® Networkâ„ ¢ (ChristianAnswers.Net): Multilingual Answers, Reviews, Ministry Resources, and More! [Home]. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. Skal, David J. Death Makes a Holiday. New York: Bloomsbury, 2002. Print. "Unusual Pumpkin Facts." Pumpkin Patch - Everything You Ever Wanted To Know About Pumpkins! Web. October 8, 2010. Wolf, Spring. "The Pagan's Path ~ Witchcraft & Shamanism - The History Of Samhain / Halloween." The Pagan's Path ~ Education Network. 13 Oct. 2009. Web. October 8, 2010.

Inventory Accounting at Wal Mart Stores Essay

From the annual reports we can conclude that Wal-Mart operates its stores as mass discount retailers, carrying between 60,000 and 90,000 different merchandise items in each store. Wal-Mart purchases more than $22 billion in merchandise, turning its inventory over as often as 4.5 times per year. Sam Club carries between 3,500 and 5,000 different merchandise items, acquiring more than $2.6 billion in merchandise. Wal Marts operations grew from 2003 to 2005. For example, the number of Wal-Mart stores increased and the number of Sam’s stores increased. WalMart utilized an extensive distribution and tracking system to maintain optimal inventories at each store. They use the retail last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory accounting method for the Wal-Mart Stores segment, cost LIFO for the SAM’S CLUB segment. For both financial reporting and tax purposes, Wal Mart used the accrual method of accounting and maintained a perpetual inventory system. Under the perpetual inventory system, the cost or quantity of goods sold or purchased is contemporaneously recorded at the time of sale or purchase. The system continuously shows the cost or quantity of goods that should be on hand at any given time. WalMart performed physical inventories to confirm the accuracy of the inventory as stated in the books, and made adjustments to the books to reconcile the book inventory with the physical inventory. WalMart’s physical inventories were taken at its stores in rotation throughout the year. They did not take physical inventories during the holiday season (November, December, and the first week of January). WalMart refers to this technique, which is common in the retail industry, as cycle counting. Cycle counting is necessitated by the difficulty in conducting physical inventories at every store on the last day of the year. This technique also provides management with feedback on the effectiveness of its inventory management and facilitates the use of experienced personnel to conduct the physical inventories. Forty-five days prior to conducting a physical inventory in one of its stores, Wal-Mart’s internal audit department sends the store a preparation package, which included instructions on how to prepare for the physical count. Each physical count is then conducted by a team of independent  counters (18 to 40 persons) and representatives from Wal-Mart’s loss prevention department (1 to 2 persons), internal audit department (1 to 3 persons), and operations division (1 to 2 persons). Wal-Mart’s independent auditors, Ernst & Young, also sent representatives to randomly selected physical counts to test their accuracy. The independent counters generally counted every inventory item. The results of the physical count were then reconciled with the book inventory. The reconciliations is reviewed by Wal-Mart’s internal audit department. Generally, Wal-Mart does not record the results of a physical inventory in its books until the following month. Sam’s Club conducs its physical inventories in the same manner except that physical counts are usually taken twice a year and recorded the very next day. Sam’s also periodically conducted item audits, counting the goods on hand for a particular merchandise unit and recording those results the next day. The physical inventories of both Wal-Mart and Sam’s usually revealed shrinkage. Shrinkage (or overage) is the difference between the inventory determined from the perpetual inventory records and the amount of inventory actually on hand. Because shrinkage reduces profits, WalMart has devoted extensive resources to monitoring and mitigating shrinkage. There are many causes of shrinkage, including employee theft, customer theft, vendor theft, damage, accounting and recording errors, errors in marking retail prices, cash register errors, markdowns taken and not recorded, errors in accounting for customer returns, and errors in accounting for vendor receipts and returns. Because Wal Mart does not conduct a physical inventory at year-end, its perpetual inventory records do not account for any shrinkage that may have occurred during the period between the date of the last physical inventory and the taxable year-end. The parties refer to this period as the stub period. Left unadjusted, the book records could overstate income because the stub period shrinkage results in a decrease to ending inventory, thus increasing the cost of goods sold and reducing gross income. In adjusting its books to reflect stub period shrinkage, Wal-Mart estimates  stub period shrinkage for each store monthly by multiplying a retail shrinkage rate by the store’s sales during that month. At new stores, the retail shrinkage rate fixed by management at 2% of sales. Wal-Mart used that fixed rate from the date the store opened until its first physical inventory. After taking the first physical inventory at a new store, Wal-Mart computed a shrinkage rate for that store by dividing the store’s shrinkage at retail, as verified by the first inventory, by the store’s sales for the period starting with the date the store opened and ending on the inventory date. Sam’s consistently estimates the stub period shrinkage at .2% of sales. That rate was determined by management based on their analysis of historical results from warehouse operations. Wal-Mart estimates shrinkage for each store, but not for each department within each store. It used a series of computations to allocate the estimated stub period shrinkage to each department. Once these allocations were made, Wal-Mart used the adjusted ending inventory to make its LIFO computations, which were made on a division-wide basis and not at the individual store level. The practice of estimating shrinkage as a percentage of sales is prevalent in the retail industry. A company may estimate year-end shrinkage if the estimate methodology (1) conforms to the best accounting practice in the trade or business and (2) clearly reflects income. There is nothing in WalMarts accounting for inventory that raise suspicion about their inventory not reflecting true numbers. Inventories are not recorded in excess of market value. Historically, they have rarely experienced significant occurrences of obsolescence or slow moving inventory. However, future changes in circumstances, such as changes in customer merchandise preference or unseasonable weather patterns, could cause the Company’s inventory to be exposed to obsolescence or be slow moving. The inventory system is commonly revered as the finest in the retail industry and WalMart is perhaps the best example of the importance of a high  inventory turnover rate to succeed in this industry. Increased turnover and increased sales at the same time — that’s great inventory management.

Is404 Final Study Guide

IS404 Final Study Guide 1. p6 Need to know the 4 broad categories for technologies. a Networks b System c Processes d Applications 2. p5 Need to know access control systems consists of 3 elements a Policies b Procedures c Tools 3. p16 The purpose of access control is to regulate interactions between a subject and an object, such as data, a network or device 4. p8 Need to know the Confidence in any authentication system can be measured by two components : the type of correlation and the number of authentication factors 5. p21 Access control threats cannot be 100% eliminated because new ones are constantly being devised. . p26-27 Quantitative risk assessment relies on several calculations a Single Loss Expectancy (SLE) b Annual Rate of Occurrence (ARO) c Annualized Loss Expectancy (ALE) 7. p24 Social engineering is the single most common strategy attackers use and it’s also the most effective 8. p35 Under system application domain, patch management is what? Can be used to addres s security threats 9. p30 Where are access controls needed most? Unless there is an asset of special importance stored on the network, it is unnecessary to place separate access controls on each asset 10. 45 Significant lots of overlap in security layers 11. p45 A classification scheme is a method of organizing sensitive information into various access levels. 12. p46 Anyone can gain access to unclassified information through legal means via the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) -13. p48 The privacy act of 1974 is related to the federal government. 14. p52-53 Why would you need to classify data? – Risk avoidance 15. p58 Operational efficiency: * The right information * The right people * The right time 16. p71-72 What’s a key requirement for HIPAA? – Security and privacy of Health data 17. 77 FERPA * Computer media * Written documents stored in the student folder * 18. p89 IT security policy framework consists of: * Policy * Standard * Guideline * Procedure 19. p107-108 Kinds of security breaches: * System exploits * Eavesdropping * Social engineering * Denial of Service Attacks * Indirect attacks * Direct Access Attack 20. p98 Federal and state laws have been created to act as deterrents to information theft. 21. p99 DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act – allows unauthorized disclosure of data by circumventing an established tech measure. 22. 120 Customer access to data is the advent of the internet had made it easy for customers to order merchandise. 23. p130 Separation of responsibilities if an attacker compromises one account he or she will get denied for another account 24. p152 Acceptable Use Policy AUP – Defines how an employee may use equipment. 25. p143 Social engineering is a strategy in which hackers exploit the general human trust: * Assumed identity * Believability * Multiple Contacts * Request for Help 26. p148-149 Job rotation reduces risk factors with separation of duties 27. 166 You can manage a ACLs in Micr osoft using windows active directory or NFS version 4 28. p172 UNIX right are : read, write, and execute 29. p172 No permissions has a value of zero 0 30. p165 Secure DIM – Another method is to secure the communications channel. You can use protocols such as Secure Socket Layer (SSL) to accomplish this 31. p168 Delegate Access Rights are granted from something that owns an object to another user or system 32. p209 Media Access Control is based on the sensitivity of the information contained in the objects. 33. p209-210 Role based Access Control: * Role assessment Role authorization * Transaction authorization 34. p219 Kerberos uses strong cryptography in order for the client to prove its identity to the server – Single Sign in Method SSM 35. p228 All access point within a range display their SSIDs 36. p218 2 Factor Authentication: something you have, something you know, something you are 37. p280 Need to know the three different types of remote access authenticating pr otocols: PAP- CHAP- PPP – 38. p273 Need to know the purpose of AAA : Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting 39. p285 Internet Key Exchange IKE, is the de facto standard of IPsec 40. 280 TACACS provides flexibility to network administrators by implementing AAA capabilities. RADIUS does not 41. p285 Web Authentication is needed where VPN is not available. 42. p293 Single server provides central digital signing and verification services 43. p306-307 PKI does not ensure that the end user can be trusted 44. p312 Authentication service validates the subscribers credentials for the registration authority prior to the request for a digital certificate 45. p304 Non repudiation is a concept of assuring the originator cannot refute the origin of a statement document 46. 326 One advantage to non-intrusive testing methods can uncover valuable information about potential vulnerabilities. 47. p327 Vulnerability Assessment is the first step to hardening the network * Network scanners * Port scanners * Web Application scanners 48. p332 Breach response is double blind 49. p334 Code injection is an attack when a hacker injects malicious code into an input field, usually a web application 50. p340 The penetration testers is the major deliverable from any penetration test is the analysis and report delivered to the organization

A Critical appreciation of Othello Act 1 Scene 1 line 41 – line 82, commenting upon Shakespeare’s portrayal of his characters

The passage, act 1 scene 1, lines 41 to 82, open with a long speech from Iago. Already, from the onset we see that he feels it is wrong to follow his master ‘ the Moor', demonstrated by the answer he gives to Roderigo's statement of: â€Å"I would not follow him then† – line 40, with, â€Å"O sir, content you.† – line 41 It is as if it were a discontenting thought to think that Iago actually really wanted to follow his master of his own accord. Iago expands on his opening statement, informing us that he is only following Othello for his own benefit, and informs us on his view of there being two types of knaves. The first, follows his master to help his master, works hard and is humble and actually enjoys his devoted service to his master; ‘Many a duteous and knee-crooking knave, That doting on his own obsequious bondage' line 45-46 But for all their hard work Iago feels that they get nothing back in return and in addition will be looked down upon and be seen in the same category as the ‘master's ass', as they only receive food and lodging (‘for nought but provender'), in return for years of dedicated service only to be dismissed without a second thought. This is not for Iago, he will not be used by others, but in turn wants to use others for his own benefit ironically using the cover of a used ‘honest' servant. It is this word ‘honest' that appears many times in the play and is used to mean different things, mainly trustworthy and truthful or simple and easily deceived. But when used in reference to Iago there is often a sense of patronisation or an indication of it intended as an insult to suggest stupidity. When Iago uses the word ‘honest in line 49 saying: ‘Whip me such honest knaves.' He shows the audience exactly how he views the perception of the word ‘honest' as he uses it to describe the foolish ‘duteous and knee-crooking knave'. Here Iago makes it clear how he understands the meaning of the word ‘honest' even though the use of the word is frequent and varied and of course deliberately ambiguous in other references in ‘Othello'. Iago now moves onto the second type of knave, which he associates himself with: these knaves outwardly give off the appearance of hard working and submissive servants, but inwardly they are working for their own agendas. Even though these knaves look as though they are sacrificing a lot for their masters with little apparent return, in fact they are using their masters to their advantage better than their masters are using them. Therefore in paying service to Othello he is in effect paying service to himself. This gives an impression of selfishness but we must remember that just because Iago is not a master, does not make him feel that to serve a master is a privilege. Therefore, like people who are more fortunate than him and are higher in the social and military rank, he too wants people to devote their lives to him. As he can't have this, it is only natural that he would want to get something out of this ‘relationship', (though in the end circumstances do get out of hand and develop into tragedy.) The second type of knaves who are ‘trimmed in forms and visages of duty, yet keep their heart attending on themselves' (lines 50-51) Iago feels that: ‘ These fellows have some soul' – line 54 This suggests that Iago sees this deceit and pretence in a man as character and qualities to be admired and respected for: in fact the reverse of societies view of men who lie and plot others' downfall. Iago has already introduced the theme of deceptive appearances, and that actions and true thoughts or feelings have nothing in common. Therefore no one can judge or analyse someone else's actions without knowing how that person feels, and even with this knowledge, one can still not understand or appreciate the character's motives. These issues are demonstrated in Iago's following lines: ‘Were I the Moor, I would not be Iago; In following him, I follow but myself. Heaven is my judge, not I for love and duty, But seeming so for my peculiar end.' Lines 58-61 Iago's mysterious statement ‘Were I the Moor, I would not be Iago' indicates that the Moor symbolises authenticity and all things genuine while Iago stands for falseness and deceit. Therefore one cannot be the other as they are opposites and work antagonistically. Therefore we are faced with the common ‘good against evil' presentation, (which later proves evil to be the winner). It seems that Iago sees himself and Othello as opposites and therefore Othello will never be able to understand Iago, and therefore can not understand his deceitfulness and plotting against his ‘friends' and Iago will never be able to comprehend Othello's love for Desdemona as a thing of beauty and purity. Thus Iago can only make the tragedy happen by manipulating what is good and sowing the seeds of doubt. Iago comments that he is not seeking ‘love and duty' and so we start to wonder at how Iago will ‘ thrive by them' from his ‘peculiar end.' This last statement suggests that nobody will understand Iago's motives or the passion which drives his actions because even Iago refers to his end as ‘peculiar' and therefore as people will not be able to see it from Iago's point of view they will wrongly assume that he is a psychopath or mental. The lines: ‘†¦not for love and duty, But seeming so for my peculiar end' create dramatic tension and suspense, making the audience wonder what Iago could possibly have in store for them. Therefore, Shakespeare has written this line deliberately ambiguous to arouse curiosity in the viewers. Ironically, line 60 includes: ‘Heaven is my judge' this is the same heaven that does not intervene in any of the unfolding tragedy even though Cassio, Desdemona, Othello and even Emilia call to heaven for blessings and protection. Iago feels that honesty and sincerity are weaknesses that make you more open to attack and therefore more vulnerable. It is here that a hint of insecurity is detected in Iago as it seems it is in his nature to envy those whose character or situation is in any way superior to his own thereby leading to Iago suffering from a sense of injured merit. He seeks to destroy anything which by its very superiority threatens his self-love and he is always finding ways in which he feel that Othello and Cassio have slighted him. Thus he cannot control this feeling of rejection and it grows on him making him feel insecure and wanting to take revenge on those who make him feel belittled. Also, maybe Iago thinks that he can not ‘wear my heart on my sleeve for draws to peaks at' as he can not reveal his true soul to anyone because then he will no longer be able to hide behind a mask or character which what is known about them is false, which will make Iago feel more safe, again pointing to Iago feeling insecure. Iago ends his speech with a paradox: ‘ I am not what I am'. This is in effect summarising Iago's speech into saying that what people conceive him to be is not the real him, and the real him will never be revealed for people to comprehend, so people will never ‘see' the real genuine Iago. This of course is the main reason Iago manages to deceive Othello and this is also a problem for Rodrigo, but at this stage Rodrigo does not pick up on this point, as he is a bit slow to say the least. It is rather ironical that Iago only reveals his true intentions and plans to Rodrigo who is the only person too stupid to really understand their full implications, highlighted by Rodrigo's random and abstract comment: â€Å"What a full fortune does the thick-lips owe, If he can carry it thus!† Lines 67-68 Next we see Iago at his best: making havoc. Iago plainly delights in his own skill at causing chaos and his desire to make another human as unhappy and miserable as possible. When he plans to wake Brabantio, and ‘poison his delight', he maximises Brabantio's humiliation at the dishonour of it by telling Rodrigo to ‘proclaim him in the street'. Iago seems to get carried away by his lust in planning to tell Brabantio of his misfortune saying ‘plague him with flies' and ‘incense her kinsmen'. This of course is an example of Iago's two faced nature as to Brabantio he seems to be on his side by informing Brabantio of his daughter's secret liaison with Othello, yet in the next scene, Iago is seen with Othello acting as the faithful manservant.  Read also Critical appreciation of the poem â€Å"Old Ladies’ Home†. Even though Iago wants Rodrigo to call out to Brabantio, he can not help himself adding to Rodrigo's feeble and polite attempt at calling Brabantio with loud and alarming phrases and cry's of ‘Thieves,' repeated four times to make Brabantio feel as uncomfortable and worried as possible. It seems that Iago is drawing out the situation and going the round about way of telling Brabantio what has happened, to leave Brabantio in suspense and confusion for as long as possible. Iago's energy and excitement is conveyed in the pace and thrust of Iago's poetry or prose. In Iago's soliloquy-like speech (lines 41- 66) poetic images and long words do not slow the quick movement, like the agile darting of Iago's mind constantly on the look out for new niches to get in and use to his advantage. The light punctuation helps keep the fasted paced childlike enthusiasm. Iago's speeches are full of ambiguous and mysterious phrases, these highlight his double character that is in fact a paradox in itself and often seem to present two conflicting and antagonist characters, even though they are both represented through Iago. There seems to be no fixed sentence length with many varied disjointed phrases helping make up Iago's speech and present his rush of ideas and force of feeling. This passage is really a platform for the ‘plotter' Iago, to reveal his true feelings on his relationship with Othello and how he intends to use his service to Othello and the social role he is expected to play as a base for his deceit and ruin of other characters. Therefore dramatically this is an intimate scene between the audience and Iago (with Rodrigo, as merely an excuse for Iago to speak) where they are invited to see events and situations from Iago's point of view. This low-key plotting and the later loud disruption caused by Iago to wake Brabantio, is further indication of how quickly and easily i.e. how flexible, Iago can be to change to suit the situation to deceive characters, manipulate trust and ultimately cause a tragedy through his consuming hatred for seemingly all things good and beautiful.

The Creation of Heavy Metal and Its Effect on Society

â€Å"Heavy Metal music's influence on society is really profound. Most people don't realize this, but Heavy Metal has spawned an entire subculture, with millions worldwide who can call themselves Heavy Metal fans. It is more than just aggressive music; it is an obsession and a way of life for a staggering amount of people† (Dunn 2008). Anthropologist, Sam Dunn documented how Heavy Metal has changed lives and societies across the globe. Heavy Metal music is a way of art, and how humans show what they see in society and translate it through a very artistic and creative way, which is the music itself†(Dunn 2008). â€Å"Human nature would argue for this scenario. Humans are influenced by conditions in their environment and react, whether physically, emotionally, or in this case, creatively† says sociologist of DePaul University (Deena Weinstein). This does not rule out the fact that artistic output created by humans can go back and in turn be an influence on society. By looking at some examples both historic and current, you can observe this process and how it has affected our world. (Weinstein 2005) Metal Music affects the world and Teen society in many diverse ways, whether it be by fashion, politics, religion, lyrical aspirations, and simply bringing people together. John Lennon was one of those people to bring peace by music, he went on a hunger strike for a week to promote piece all around the world with music, and he was not just recognized for doing this but many other inspirational acts with music. Through music, artists, bands and so on, speak of things going on in the society around you. Origin of Heavy Metal In the gritty streets of Birmingham, UK 1970, where Black Sabbath, took music too a more darker and sinister place, there was a man named Tony Iommi, who together with the well known Ozzy Ozbourne, formed a band and started the era of Heavy Metal. The first album they produced was self titled – Black Sabbath. Research shows that the Tri-Tone (Blue scale) is the devils note, which was used in the also self titled track â€Å"Black Sabbath†, claimed by Cannibal Corpse guitarist Alex Webster in â€Å"Metal, A Headbangers Journey (2008) â€Å"This note, in the Middle Ages, was forbidden because if its thought up relationship with the devil, towns folk believed that this â€Å"Tri-Tone† summoned the devil, thus explaining why it was forbidden†(Ezrin 2008). In the middle Ages, sorcerers used this Tri-Tone to summon the beast and cause havoc amongst the villagers who were ignorant and scared of heavy sounds. As Black Sabbath’s music spread through out the U. K, people from all over the world started to react to this new heavier style of music and became influenced, such as Led Zepplin, Deep Purple, Rainbow, and many more bands all over the world became interested and incorporated Heavy Metal to their personas and musical ways. Anthropologist Sam Dunn: Metal, A Headbangers Journey (2008) and also past Heavy Metal band member says that â€Å"There’s an on going battle in heavy metal to be more heavier and evil than the band that came before you, this has kept me into metal all these years† Competition plays a great part in Heavy Metal, which is also a great factor that spread Heavy Metal world wide and turned it into many now known Heavy Metal sub genres per say. As Heavy Metal started to grow in the 70’s, band after band tried to sound heavier than the last band which is how these â€Å"sub genres† of metal, like I stated earlier, came to be. The teens in that era, noticed this, â€Å"competition† and many teens started and incorporated, Heavy Metal to their own bands and were so influenced by this music, that it made teens in this society more hardworking and also up for a challenge. Musical Roots The classical roots of heavy metal were fairly obvious (Ezrin 2008), most of the really good practitioners were fans of dark powerful music, and for example Beethoven was one of them. Beethoven had created great classical music that incorporated heavy bass music and powerful orchestral sound waves, which are great assets to Heavy Metal that traced Classical music to Heavy Metal roots. Heavy Metal has another musical ancestor which is The Blues. (Morton, Blythe, from Lamb of God 2001), stated that the guitar is an African instrument, and the Guitar was used in slave music, and influenced the Blues and Heavy Metal now in today’s music. In the movie: Metal, A Headbangers Journey, The director and producer/ anthropologist Sam Dunn, interviews many Heavy Metal Pioneers such as Toni Iommi, Ozzy Ozborne, Ronnie James Dio, Rob Zombie, and they all claim to say that The Blues and Jazz classical type music were influential in their music. Environment and the Effect Towards Teen Society â€Å"It comes down to growing up in a rundown place, full of poverty, hopelessness, scumbags and assholes, that make your life hell and get you bottled up inside, then that’s when the music comes in and sets you free. † states (Taylor, of Slipknot2005). Music takes a maximum effect in everyone’s lives, Heavy Metal for many, claims that this musical genre sets them free and sets them in a straight forward positive mind set due to the message that some Heavy Metal artists send. James â€Å"Munky† Shaffer bassist for the band â€Å"Korn† says in an interview, that as a teenager, the environment he grew up in was based on drug abuse, violence, problems at home and death. â€Å"I found salvation through Heavy Metal, it influenced me to stay positive, grab an instrument and just jam out and let all the negativity out and let the positive and creative stuff flow in you know? Ha-ha, look at me now, I am in my mid 20’s and part of a great well known band selling out everywhere and loving it, all thanks to Metal! †(Shaffer2008). Rob Zombie, (White Zombie, Movie Director), – Revolver magazine, June 2009 said that â€Å"Metal is a life style, it’s your life style, people listen to what they listen too but in the end, what you listen too defines who you are. † Heavy Metal is like mine and any other metal heads own world. The music tells you to stick to your guns and stay strong and positive, (Dickinson 2008). Bruce Dickinson of Iron Maiden was one of the worlds most influential Heavy Metal band of the late 70’s- 80’s that helped pioneer this musical genre. Heavy Metal Archive (2001-20011) stated that â€Å"It gives them an alternate universe, it gives them a life of imagination through which they can view music and be influenced by many things the world and their society has to offer them. † Metal does impact children nowadays in this young society, and makes them aware of what’s going on in the world such as, wars, politics, corruption and genocide and inequality. The Message through Different Methods & Styles Politically Impacting the Media/Society Dee Snider of the Heavy Metal band Twisted Sister- was attacked by many parental groups and the (P. M. R. C) also known as the Parents Music Resource Center (1984) about censorship in Heavy Metal bands (Music in general). Sam Dunn, stated in his Documentary; Metal: A Headbangers Journey, that in 1984, Heavy Metal met its first organized attack and many bands were put in â€Å"The Filthy Fifteen†. Twisted Sister were not the only band censored and put on â€Å"The Filthy Fifteen† but Many Heavy Metal bands such as W. A. S. P, Judas Preist, Motley Crue, Def Leppard, AC/DC, Venom, and Heavy Metal Pioneers Black Sabbath were amongst those â€Å"Filthy Fifteen† These bands were put in â€Å"The Filthy Fifteen† by the â€Å"Parents Music Resource Center (1984)† because their music was deemed offensive and violent. The P. M. R. C rated songs according to the following: 1. X= Profane or sexually explicit, 2. O= Occult, 3. D/A= Drugs or Alcohol, 4. V= Violence and 5. Sac= Sacrilegious. Although the lyrics in Twisted Sister’s song â€Å"Were Not Gonna Take It† talked about standing up for your rights and never giving up, the video was censored as violent which led them into â€Å"The Filthy Fifteen† by the P. M. R. C. It must have been upsetting to the band members that their music is being prohibited to teens that in society look for he lp and sanctuary in music. Music that is inspirational should not be banned to teens because it can affect their social mental lives. Due to the fact that the P. M. R. C censored Twisted Sister’s enthusiastic, stand up for your self, keep going on music, children were unable to buy their music and listen to what they wanted to hear. Music is a way of life, as I always say and everyone needs it in their daily personal lives to get by, whether they are down, lonely, happy, and or just out of mind and ready to loose it. You can not help to imagine how many youths rebelled against parents because of this cause and made them unable to listen to music that appealed their ears, and helped them get by in life’s daily struggles and challenges. Religion and Satanism Many Metal artists used religious symbolism in their music. For example when up and rising band Venom (1983) came out on stage with satanic pentagrams, gory live performances, and brutal satanic lyrics, many people were scared. In that era, Satanism was well known but only in secluded parts of Norway. As venom and many other bands such as Slayer(1983-present) went on stage and vulgarly scared the non-metal community, people and many other religious groups as well, started to ban there shows, and music all over the world. The media started to engage in a non stop attack of releasing ideas that these bands were satanic, insane, and inappropriate content for teens, and that they should be socially declined to the public. (Dunn2008) This however did not stop the bands from releasing their music, being less graphic, and selling out shows. Nor did it stop teens from tuning in to their music and impacting their religious views and life’s. Slayer, created masterpiece after masterpiece of brutal Satanic, Anti-Christian, war related, lyrics and album covers that there were literally protests at their shows by religious groups because teens were so xcited and appealed at this new style of musical art, and parents thought their children were being manipulated and brainwashed to do bad and in the end hurt and destroy their life’s and their social backgrounds. They also manifested an idea that Slayer (1983) were Satanists, when in fact they were just trying to shock the audience and gain more fans. H aving the mindset of Slayer being Satanists, they also thought up the idea that Metal Music was the doing of the devil. And that those teens were heading towards a path of destruction and anti- religious acts in their society, like burning churches down. Slayer, to defend themselves stated, â€Å"We consider what we do art, and art can be a reflection of society, and we are simply just picking up the dark reflections, and manifesting them to the world† (Araya2008) Norwegian Black Metal bands certainly do live up to Satanism, (Dunn2008). Norway is an isolated country in northern Europe in which 87% of Norway’s population belongs to The Lutheran State Church, and yet strangely their most cultural export is Satanic Black Metal (Rasmussen 2008). Because many Satanists in Norway have a grudge against the Christian religion, due to conflicts and clashes between Vikings thousands of years ago (Rasmussen2008), there was a series of arsons. A man by the name of Varg Vekernes, and along side of him to help was a man named Jorn Tunsberg, set out a quite discrete plan to burn down some of the oldest churches in Oslo, Norway. They were convicted of arson on multiple counts and both were sentenced to prison. Because of these satanic acts in Norway due to Black Metal and what it symbolized for these men, people of all over the world started to react in an eruptive way towards the Metal community. The parents now have reason to believe that children’s musical interests could indeed affect the society in which their kids lived in and cause harmful behavior for generations to come. Death and Violence Death has played a major role in Metal Music. Since Metal Music spawned from dark imagery and horrific violence and brutal lyrics, a sub genre emerged known as Death Metal. Death Metal was built up on Thrash Metal and Black Metal, which consisted of machine gun guitars and fast passed drumming, with guttural vocals, also with a little twist of bloody gore and violence, Death Metal was created. Cannibal Corpse, along with Death, were the first bands among many Death Metal bands to use gory imagery. Cannibal Corpse was known for producing horrific album art. Cannibal corpse(1985) 3 first albums are banned in Germany, New Zealand, and Korea due to very gory and graphic album art also horrific lyrics related to murder. (Slagel2008). Rose Dyson(2008) states that there is evidence to state that the average person these days sees more violence through popular culture that would occur in real life, and this also has been marketed in many essences, particularly in teenage society and disrupts the teenage mind into murder, suicide, corruption and drug abuse as a conflict resolution. Manny bands have been set for trial over the past 20 years, such as Judas Preist, Slayer, Slipknot, Cannibal Corpse and Marilyn Manson, due to suicides and murders all because Metal Music has been stereotyped as devil music and everything else you have read thus far in this research paper. A main reason, as to why Metal Music and these bands have been blamed as the cause to many teen deaths, is because of their lyrics. Most Metal bands have an image they portray whether it is evil, Blasphemy related, or just simply vulgar. It is crazy to argue that there is a relationship between the imagery in Metal and some teen suicides and acts of violence. (Klosterman2008). The most powerful predictor of whether someone will commit suicide is the feeling of helplessness (Kahn2008). No one listens to Heavy Metal in order to feel helpless, they listen to Heavy Metal in order to feel empowered and connected with other people, and that may be empowered through a song that’s about suicide that makes you realize your not alone. And your not helpless and other people are going through the same thing; you don’t need to kill yourself! Human society should realize this because blaming such horrific incidents other people cause to themselves should not be blamed on people who are merely making art in their own personal ways, such as these bands. As the media and such sources uproar and release these serious issues about teen suicide and their causes, all over the world, parents should focus on Teen Society and how teens learning and hearing these issues of teen suicide may affect them personally. Teen youth does get affected by seeing this media provided information because it somewhat brainwashes them into thinking that music of such sorts leads them into suicide and disruptive mayhem. When they grow older they judge other teenagers amongst their societies and start labeling them.