Chinese americans faceing discrimination in work and trade Essay

Chinese americans faceing discrimination in work and trade - Essay ExampleThe first font was a judicial writ to the Supreme Court of the State of California while the second shimmy was on appeal from the Circuit Court of the fall in States for that district.The sheriff stated that the petitioner Yick Wo was found guilty by the Police Judges Court, No. 2 of not obeying the ordinances of the jury of supervisors of that county and were rightly fined $10 and in case of non-payment, imprisonment for as many days as the fine amount in dollars according to the law.Now, lets have a look at the ordinances. An order No. 1569 was passed on May 26, 1880, dictating the type of buildings where laundering activities may be carried. Section 1declared it mandatory to have the consent of the board of supervisors to run a laundry, exempting only brick and stone buildings from its preview. Section 2 declared it illegal to construct scaffolding for any purpose other than specified without taking per mission from the supervisors. farther Section 3 of the Order provided with a punishment of one thousand dollars or six months jail or both to those found guilty of committing the offence. another(prenominal) Order was passed on July 28,1880 bearing No. 1587. Sec. 68 of this Order declared it illegal to run laundry business within corporate limits of San Francisco without permission of board of supervisors except in a building made of brick and mortar.It was on record that the petitioner was a Chinese, living in California for the last twenty-two years. He had a license from the board of fire wardens. All concerned departments checked his premises OK. His license had run out on time and had to be renewed, permission of which was denied. There were at that time 320 laundries in the city of San Francisco, out of which 240 belonged to Chinese people. It was found that others were not prosecuted only Chinese were discriminated to oust them from their dwellings where they were residing fo r the last many-many years and salaried all taxes. This attitude was

Compare or Contrast 2 philosophy thinkers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comp argon or Contrast 2 philosophy thinkers - Essay pillow slips, which are actual sense perceptions, and ideas, which are copies of impressions, connect with one an early(a) to form complexities that explain all things. In short, for Hume, the only things that we can possibly live are the impressions that can be perceived by our senses and the ideas that we imagine after seeing the impressions (Hume, An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding 201). On the other hand, Kant theorizes that there are three ways or categories where knowledge of the relationship between two things, or subject and predicate, can be derived. These are the analytic a priori, the man-made a posteriori, and the controversial synthetic a priori. Kants analytic a priori is knowing by definition, like believing that All single people are people who have not married. Kants synthetic a posteriori is like Most sick people are given medicine, which is merely a article of faith out of habit. Lastly, Kants syntheti c a priori is believing something like Some dead parents are remembered by their children, which is a belief from intuition. These beliefs do not entreat proof as what Hume believed (Durant 269-271).Another difference between Hume and Kant is on their ethical principles. According to Humes A Treatise on Human Nature and based on his epistemology, it is our feelings or sentiments that practically influence human volition and action. It is not reason but our feelings and sentiments produce our actions with the comparable habitual expectation that the future will resolve from the past. For Hume, morality is doing something because of an enduring passion or trait of character in the agent and without regard for any custom or reason (Cohon). On the other hand, based on Kants Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, morality is performing the categorical imperative Act only according to the maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law, and to act in such a way that he should treat

Sophocles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sophocles - Research Paper ExampleIt is known that he wrote around on hundred and twenty tragedies in his life. However, only vii of those writings are visible(prenominal) in the present times (Sophocles, iv-vi). The present study makes a detailed research on the admirable tragic generator and discusses on his writings that are available and thus reflecting his excellence and genius. Sophocles About the Man and his Writings Sophocles had written several plays and he always used to preserve present during the performances of his acts and received appreciations from his audiences. He had been crowned for his plays for around twenty times. It was Sophocles who had introduced the concept of a third person in speaking the dialogues of the plays. This concept had greatly contributed to the persistence of drama. His plays had a soft and harmonious grace accompanied by his dialogues. The people of Athens had created a monument on his account that reflected the use of bees as could be associated with the softness and harmony of his plays. An understanding of his feelings, his selection of plots for his plays, and his style could be analyzed from the plays that are available till date. It has been observed that Sophocles presented his plays with simple and natural incidents, his emotions being forgiving and inspirational, and reflecting his moral values to the public. The description of his writings revealed his power of thoughts being mirrored through his evaluations. His style of presentation involved a significant art of ascendance in it. He lived his life from 497 till 406 before Christ and contributed significantly in the field of plays and drama (Sophocles, vi-xi). Writings of Sophocles The tragedies written by Sophocles as available in the present times include Azax, Electra, Philoctetes, Antigone, Trachinle, Edipus Tyrannus, and Edipus Coloneus. The play of Ajax involves the goal of the character called Ajax as a result of disappointment resulting from not receiving an honor after Achilles death which instead was received by Ulysses. The story reflects disappointment, murders, and Ajax killing of own life. Other characters in the play also had significant roles to act on like Teucer who was the half brother of Ajax. Sophocles significantly presented through this play the concerns for a obtain and the consequent disappointments from failure. The characters of the play had been created with great thoughts with their names having appropriate Greek meanings and presentation (Sophocles, x-22). Electra was another play written by Sophocles that represented the death of a character named Agamemnon by his wife. Electra saved her brother from the incident and let him grow up under the care and focusing of Strophius who was the king of Phocis. Years later when the child grew up and came to know of his fathers murder, he took revenge with the assistance from his sister (Sophocles, 53). Thus this presents a talent of Sophocles presenting a nother tragedy where there is pain, there is revenge and yet a tragic story to tell a tale of a lifetime. Similar to the to a higher place mentioned plays, the writer of his times successfully completed the other dramas, many of which are no more available. Of all his writings, Oedipus the King is known as one of his master piece. It contains surprising contents. The story reveals a tragedy where Oedipus kills his mother and gets married to his mother with intention to avoid circumstances he analyzed

Africa’s growing concern Essay Example for Free

Africas growing concern EssayWhoever ignites the flames of hate has succeeded considerably. Hatred has pose a way of life for many people around the arena. People envy other people and create hatred to those of better lives. But no human being is prepared for what the Afri stick out continent actually reveals. The persecution of unwanted individuals is prevalent in this part of the earth. Poverty hounds Africa no end. The life there is really hard and disturbing. The place is filled with chaos and turmoil. No stability is in sight. The entire world is currently alarmed over the high incidence of conclusion within its population.Countries over the years cast pledged support to the stagnant economy of the African nation. All means of contribution have been given to the short(p) continent. But in spite of the continued aid, there seems to be no hope of rising within the nation. Africa has shoved itself into a hole so deep that the casualty of becoming buried is never a remot e idea in the future. Men, women and children agonize over their situations. Food and resources are hard to come by. Thousands die of famishment annually. But more than that, countless people become victims of unnecessary personnel.World leaders and governments around the globe have, time and again, met and discuss the events in Africa numerous times. analogous a disease, the social demise of its population has been a primary concern for many nationalities worldwide. People are dying every minute. The media has played a brisk role in revealing the abuses and brutalities of people. All eyes are focused on this place where individuals have disregarded the value of human life. The carnage continues, and testament continue unless a swift and effective solution will be unveiled.There is a sense of urgency for the worlds leading governments to words the destruction of human egg onnity in Africa. However, in spite of the launching of countless humanitarian missions to solve the nati ons woes, death and suffering lingers on. Billions have been spent on relief operations but the social problem remains undefeated. The casualty toll piles up. The killing spree goes unsuppressed. And the rest of the world watches dumbfounded. It only(prenominal) shows that governments and its people are not doing enough to find answers to the African problem.Although food and the lack of basic inescapably is the primary concern among the African people, it is violence that must be silenced. Several decades of gun running and smuggling within the continent have only brought death to many citizens. As long as the armaments keep on coming, placidity will remain to be an elusive and distant dream. The social instability in the African nation is about power. Individuals and their clans jazz for control. Gaining that momentum to hold every move in the tumultuous society means having the arms and weapons to subject everyone to their every word.The world is stretching its influence into every corner of the continent. But sadly, the troubled nation drives off the chance and rare opportunity to rebuild its communities. It is ironic that a very poor place can summon the strength to annihilate all intervening parties out of their motherland. Events are bleak. The panic button has been set. But with all the dangers and the deaths, Africans have little regard for the needs of their nation. Women and children go elsewhere to find peace. War escalates and the streets are stained with blood.If the world is keen on finding the answers to the growing social menace in Africa, analysts should dig deeper to gain a full and total understanding of the situation among its people. The United Nations must be aware to the motives and intentions of the African people. All along, the entire globe has only addressed the needs of the poor continent. The real reason for the chaos remains undetermined, and therefore, unsolved. Turmoil will continue to rob the African nation of its dream of peace and stability. With a disorganized crowd and a selfish government, senseless killings and looting will be around for a long time.

Traditional or Logical Dead Poets Society Essay Example for Free

Traditional or Logical Dead Poets Society EssayIn the movie Dead Poets Society, there are many disagreements on how the children should learn. The bring out being discussed was foreveryone believed that the traditional way of teaching was a superior technique of education and the school did not want to change. Once Mr. Keating came into the picture and started teaching in a new way, administrators believed he was in the wrong by the way he taught. If the opinion of the students mattered then Mr. Keatings way was the best. Not one of the students were ever allowed to experience their life to the fullest but Keating showed the students how to have fun but still learn.This all came to an decision when one student took his own life and Mr. Keatings unloose ways of thinking were blamed. Although the school, Welton Academy, believed the traditional method was best, Mr. Keatings method of teaching helped his students limit their own decisions and do things for themselves. Mr. Kea tings way of teaching inspired the students to live their lives to the fullest, look at everything in contrastive ways, and prepared them for the future by teaching them to make their own decisions and learn to do things their selves.Living their life to the fullest possible is one of the most important things that a person needs to focus on. A person needs to appreciate what they have been given and take service of it because they dont know when it might be their last chance to do the activities that they want to do. Live it up and do your best because at the end of your life you should have no regrets. Living your life to the fullest a great thing to do. Mr. Keating had many different methods of teaching that helped better the students in life and make their own decisions.One of Mr. Keatings methods of teaching was to show the kids to look at everything in more than one view. He told the all of his students to stand on come about of the desk to get the best look of the room be cause it gives a fuller view of everything that needs to be taken in. Seeing things in different ways helps join to the boys that everyone else may forecast the world in a different way. The bigger picture is not necessarily the best picture other people see things in diverse ways and take in the beauty in their own manner.Mr. Keatings way of teaching is more inspiring to students because it varies in different learning environments. The technique teaches the students to think in new ways and helps them understand the teaching better. Also, learning new things in different places might add few interest to the subject, which may help raise grades and add a chance for the students to think for themselves. Every person is entitled to a way of learning that leave alone better them in the long run. Understanding the way Mr. Keatings teaches encourages the students of Welton Academy to live their lives to its fullest potential.Mr. Keating showed the students that it is alright to thin k for their selves make their own decisions. Most of the boys totaled the decisions of their parents or had to follow in their brothers footsteps. The boys chose to make their own Dead Poets Society. Neil, one of the boys decided to join a play and Todd decided to throw his birthday present off the crown because he did not like it. All the boys did not know how to take charge until Mr. Keating taught them the phrase Carpe Diem which means seize the day. Some of the boys just blew it off and could wield less and some boys took it to heart.As a result of one of the boys taking Carpe Diem to far one of the students finish up taking their own life. Although the movie ended tragically, the administrators blamed Mr. Keating. All of the boys just sat back and let everyone blame Mr. Keating. Todd Anderson stood up and used what Mr. Keating taught him and told the administrators that is was not Mr. Keatings fault and that it was Neils choice.

The Demon In The Free

The Demon In The Freezer EssayRichard Preston has established himself a reputation of being a storyteller that mastered on putt faces on otherwise undistinguishable deadly viral diseases like ebola computer virus, anthrax and smallpox. He is keen on guardedly describing to his readers how fatal these viruses are in his novels.He has proven himself to be an expert on stirring awareness among his clientele about these viruses which though contained in a sense that these are confined to received facilities of the world, have now been made and being developed by certain terrorist groups into a fatal weapon which at any moment can be discharged anywhere to effectively kill and thus strike terror among the targeted public. Like his other books (i. e. Biohazard, The Coming Plague, and The Hot Zone), The Demon In The Freezer is effective in keeping the readers attention to follow every bend of the story.The Book is divided into eight thrilling chapters. Opening in the life of an ord inary flick retoucher of the National Enquirer in early seventies by the name of Robert Stevens, the author skillfully guides the readers to a shocking awareness of the presence of the Anthrax virus that killed Stevens (Preston, 2002). The unfolding of the story at the outset was seemingly calm until the death of Stevens which at this time has triggered anticipation in the reader and keeps him/her following the next turn of the story.The whole book effectively tells of the looming dangers of biological weapons. Since these viruses were put under control and relegated to the confines of laboratories such as in Atlanta and Siberia, the thought that some of these viral diseases are presently in the hands of terrorists is just simply terrifying. On the other hand, constant care must be observed by those who currently responsibly keeping these for further studies. Preston is adept in telling this kind of story.His accurate knowledge on these matters, which obviously a product of extens ive research, was carefully woven into his story. All the important details and informations which naturally enhanced the story are all facts based on true accounts. Preston is also effective in giving his readers the rationale behind why the battle still rages on destroying these viruses among those suspected of keeping them. This is definitely a good read. Reference Preston, Richard. October 8, 2002 (1st Edition). Publisher random House.

Rise of the Merchant Class in the Middle Ages

Rise of the Merchant Class in the plaza AgesThe Middle Ages, which is considered to be the clip mingled with 500 and 1500 AD gave try to a vernal economic and cultural experience in Europe. The transition from the Classical Age to the Renaissance was a process of evolution. After the barbarian invasions of Europe during the fourth and fifth centuries by the Anglos, Saxons, Goths, and Huns, the great Roman Empire declined. It was only starting in the eighth century that Europe slowly began its cultural, as rise up as economic, recovery.Politic exclusivelyy, several(prenominal) naked states emerged starting in the year 900, including the consolidated Scandinavian states under King Sweyn of Denmark the creation of a Hungarian state and the states of Bohemia and Poland. These states were very stable monarchies, which helped branch out commercial trade between one another. The Scandinavians traded extensively with the east, the Mediterranean countries, and with Russia. The end o f miscellaneous civil wars in Europe helped countries like Italy make a piddle for themselves in trade with the Mediterranean. Pisa, Genoa, and Amalfi, were all major commercial hubs. Germany and northern Europe were also able to make use of trade routes to the Mediterranean through Italy and France. other result of the more settled Europe was the revival of agriculture, which was further stimulated by commercial expansion referable to the growing exchange economy. Many cities began expanding, creating the lead for wider adds of agricultural produce. As a result, previously unproductive lands in countries such(prenominal) as France and Germany were converted to fertile farms, rich with grazing herds. Nobleman with large pieces of uncultivated land offered these lands to peasants for cultivation in return for which they collected payment or rent. This was the beginning of the feudal system in Europe.Under the feudal system, kings gave nobleman large grants of land in exchange for soldiers. In exchange for fighting, the soldiers were given gifts of jewels, horses, and sometimes land, in territories that had been newly conquered, called fiefs. These vassals, or servants to the king had authority over the peasants, called the serfs, who pull ined on their land. The vassals became powerful local rulers who make their own laws, which the workers on their land were required to obey. Economic get ahead stimulated by this system gave rise to new towns and a rise in macrocosm in areas that were previously unsettled.The rapid increase in population due to the economic revolution resulted in a shortfall of land. However, instead of causing a problem, farming and land cultivation techniques improved so that land could be used more efficiently. This also invokeed quite an amount of the population away from farming jobs, and into jobs in towns and cities. By the 1100s, these hard working urban citizens modeled the position class and were enterp uphill, ambitious , and contributed to the success of an early form of capitalism. This chivalrous capitalism is practically referred to as the birth of capitalism.Contributing to the development of the European intellectual, religious, and moral recovery was the setting up of new monasteries, since the church had also suffered due to the numerous invasions in the past. The more settled political climate helped bring back the influence of the church. A few of the great noblemen founded new reformed unworldly houses that were more inclusive including the famous abbey of Einsiedeln, the monastic school of St. Emmereram, and the Episcopal school of Bamberg. This reformation of the monasteries broke down regional differences and revived discipline as well as literary and artistic life. The feudal ideas of lordship extended even to the monasteries, as in the case of the abbot of Cluny who was the head of all monasteries founded or reformed by his order.Even though there was much political, economic, an d religious progress, new problems were created by all this development. Consolidation of kingdoms created complications for German, Italian, Hungarian, and Polish rulers. In Germany, the economic recovery caused tension between the aristocracy, which was only interested in profiting as much as possible from the revived economy, and the government. In Italy, it led to antagonism between the knights, and their feudal lords, or bishops. However, the amicable revolution between the knights and the bishops gave rise to powerful new classes that strived to better their positions, leading to nobles and non-nobles.In spite of all of these tensions, people still had jobs to support the growing population in cities and towns. Any commodity that was unavailable in individual fiefdoms, was obtained by barter. Artisans made farm implements, dishes, and clothing, which they exchanged for the grain, wine, and meat produced on the farms. Beginning in the 10th century, a new class of trading peop le emerged, referred to as peddlers. Peddlers traveled from town to town, supplying the nobility and the peasants with the products they needed. The areas frequently visited by them quickly developed into towns, which emerged as major centers of trade and attracted many merchandisers who supplied the prospering nobility. As the nobility got richesier, they were able to afford gems, silks, exotic spices, and other symbols of wealth. The merchants who previously went from town to town, were now traveling to unusual locations such as Egypt, Morrocco, and Turkey. The activities of the traders permanently altered the face of European society, leading to a commercial revolution, which was essentially the shift of power from the landlords and nobility to the merchants. Concentration of wealth in emerging cities such as Florence, Venice, London, and Paris attracted merchants worldwide.By the tenth century, extensive trade routes had been established connecting Britain, the European conti nent, the Middle East, and North Africa, by river and by sea. Asia and the Middle East had several excellent overland trade routes. For instance, the four thousand mile long Silk Road led out of China all the way to the Black Sea in Eastern Europe, through Persia, Afghanistan, and India. Germanys Hanseatic League saved traders time with their larger ships that carried wine and salt to the East in exchange for the grain and timber they bought back.Some traders and merchants began plying the sea routes in search of more goods and profits. Due to its location between the East and Europe, Italy was a vital trading country. Merchants from Venice traded with those from the knotted Empire through Turkey, and merchants from Pisa and Genoa traded with cities in North Africa. They brought back African gold and ivory, precious stones, silks, perfumes, and spices from Persia and India, Turkish carpets, Persian ceramics, and Syrian glass and metalwork, all of which commanded high prices in Euro pe.In the eleventh century, local merchants primarily sold their goods in weekly markets. A network of weekly markets was one of the main components of the booming economic progress that swept across Europe in the Middle Ages. These markets spurred the creation of money, and harbored huge amounts of wealth to the merchants. Fairs, which lasted for weeks and were held at crossroads of important trade routes, were another means by which well-established merchants bought and sold goods. Some of the most important trading fairs included the 12-day cloth fair and the 8-day leather fair, both held in Champagne, France.Since fairs and markets could easily be ruined by undesirable weather conditions, some traders eventually came up with ways to make profits without ever leaving their homes. Using credit, they bought and sold goods through agents at various fairs, giving rise to a form of banking. This contributed to a free flow of money, which enriched the lives of people in all classes of society. This increase in wealth helped patronize artisans, goldsmiths, and retailers. The towns that grow most the fair sites attracted business and brought about the standardization of currency, weights and measures.The merchant class largely populated the new towns that sprang up, and influenced the economy and social life of their societies. The towns attracted specialists such as grocers, spice merchants, cobblers, apothecaries, and goldsmiths who formed unions called guilds. These guilds set the prices for the goods they produced, as they were the only ones in the area creating this product in the area. Therefore the citizens in this area were willing to pay some(prenominal) price they charged. Their control over these prices led to much of their control over the economy. Additionally, they effected and influenced social life with the elaborate feasts and celebrations they held for religious services, holidays, and similar events.With the increase of merchant activities and the rise of the merchant class, it became necessary for them to learn to read, write, do arithmetic, and have a general knowledge of foreign affairs. Local governments and scholars, both of which profited from teaching the children of these merchants, set up schools to take care of the demand for education. The success of the schools in turn, led to the establishment of universities, so that people were able to continue their education if they desired. Some of these universities include Oxford, Cambridge, Chartres, Reims, and the University of Paris. The rising importance of schools broke the monopoly that the church previously had in the area of education.Since merchants made great profits from buying and selling goods, they were considered sinners by the church, because they enriched themselves rather than working for greens good. The fear of hell was very real and the church often confiscated merchant estates. To avoid this, merchants began contributing some of the wealth they made to monasteries and churches, and providing funds to charitable causes including hospitals and homes for those without shelter.The rise of the merchant class gained them access to high society and some became famous patrons of the arts, constructing concert halls, churches, and other cultural centers. These merchants spread wealth and culture to the masses and aided in dissolving the previously existing social structure by creating a society where even a peasant was able to rise in wealth and status.Merchants that joined the ranks of nobility further strengthened their position in society by patronizing the arts even more. They hired artists, musicians, and writers to produce whole kit that still live on today, including works of art such as Madonna and Child, Nativity, and the Wise Man, by renowned artists such as Michaelangelo, Botticelli, and Leonardo Da Vinci. Some of the extremely productive merchants, cognize as the merchant princes, sometimes became so powerful they c ontrolled their countries wealth. The Medicis, a family of bankers that lived Italy, are an example of such powerful and successful merchants.As a result of this patronage of the arts, many architectural and artistic gems were produced during this time. Some of the buildings built during the Middle Ages using the Gothic or Romanesque styles used such advanced techniques that these buildings are still existent today. The Chartres cathedral, the Laon Cathedral, and St. Denis, all in France for instance, represent the quality of the churches, houses, and castles built during that time. Also produced during the Middle Ages was some beautiful art work that is often overlooked, including jewelry, pottery, metalwork, carved woodwork, sculptures, and illustrated manuscripts. Most of the art work was created in the setting of the church, such as murals of Biblical stories, chalices, shrines, reliquaries, and statues of angels and saints. The rise of the merchant class also made portraits ver y popular, along with intricate work for personal use such as woven tapestries, decorated manuscripts, tableware, jewelry, and carved furniture.Inventions and technology during the Middle Ages were in the form of a gradual improvement in the way things were done, rather than a series of dramatic discoveries. It took place in the form of a gradual shift away from mass slavery, the use of wind power, of open fields in agriculture, the use of the wheelbarrow, double entry book-keeping, and finally the use of firearms and printing. The windlass, a rope around a barrel which turned using a crank, was used to lift heavy loads. Water mills and windmills were used to power all kinds of machinery. For instance, a malleus driven by a mill was used in fulling cloth, which is a method of cleaning fabric used in textile production. A new kind of loom was introduced as well as the invention of the spinning wheel, which greatly reduced the time taken to weave cloth, and produce new fabrics. The s ecrets of producing silk were passed on from Greece to other parts of Europe. Papermaking was brought back from China, greatly reducing the cost and time to write and produce books.The growth and progress of the European civilization in the middle ages was largely due to the rise of the merchant class. With their ambition and hard work, they paved the way for modern times. Under their leadership, Europe enjoyed a prosperity not known since the Roman Empire. When Europe emerged from the Middle Ages, it had attained a level of sophistication in its universities, literature, art, learning, science and technology, that were unmatched in the world. Significant advances were made in the areas of live farming, harnessing the horse to the plough, cloth making, iron working, ship building and navigation. This technical progress would not have amounted to much if it had not been coupled with the intellectual tools that the businessmen of that time used to manage his business and observe and measure fluctuations in the economy. The world of trade had to perfect various systems from dealing with rates of exchange for goods and services extracurricular their towns or even countries, establishing credit procedures, legal bases in keeping with the times, and methods for monitoring and balancing their accounts. All of these eventually became the foundation for our modern system of economic relations. Although it is often ignored in history, the Middle Ages saw the birth of a new cultural experience in Europe, which eventually led to the Renaissance. The cultural heritage of the Middle Ages is still apparent in architecture, art, education, science and technology, that have survived the test of time.BibliographyGold and Spices The Rise of Commerce in the Middle Ages, Jean FavierThe Medieval Merchant, Stuart A. KallenThe Middle Ages, Giovanni CaselliThe novel Middle Ages, Raintree Steck-Vaughn LibraryThe Medieval World, Mike CorbishleyLife During the Middle Ages, Earle Rice, Jr.